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EXPRESSING PERMISSION, PROHIBITION OBLIGATION, NECESSITIY - Coggle Diagram
EXPRESSING PERMISSION, PROHIBITION OBLIGATION, NECESSITIY
PERMISSION
CAN - You can borrow that book.
COULD (PAST TENSE) - You could borrow my book yesterday.
NO FUTURE FORM
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BE ALLOWED TO (REPLACES CAN WHEN REFERRING TO THE FUTURE) - Kids are allowed to stay up late.
Kids were allowed to stay up late.
Kids will be allowed to stay up late.
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PROHIBITION
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**TO BE FORBIDDEN TO/ FROM - It is forbidden to eat outside the cafeteria.
Students are forbidden from eating outside the cafeteria.
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OBLIGATION
MUST - Students must turn off their phones during class.
FOR PAST AND FUTURE we use HAD TO/ WILL HAVE TO
HAD BETTER - something is a good idea and is often used as a warning
You had better/ You'd better eat your veggie today!
BE SUPPOSED TO - used to express the fact that something is necessary, but people usually don't do this thing
We are supposed to do our homework every day.
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NECESSITY
NEED TO - They need to redecorate their house, it looks terrible.
They needed to redecorate their house last year.
They will need to redecorate their house next year.
!!!!
DIDN'T NEED TO - someone didn’t do something because it wasn’t necessary
He didn't need to buy bread. We had bread at home.
NEEDN'T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE - someone did something but in fact it wasn’t necessary
He needn't have bought bread because we had bread at home. He bought anyway.
HAVE TO - We really have to study to pass this exam.
We really had to study for that exam.
We will really have to study next year.