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Prokaryotic cells, Eukaryotic cells, Roles of structures found in a…
Prokaryotic cells
No true nucleus, only an area where DNA is found
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No chloroplasts, only bacterial chlorophyll associated with the cell-surface membrane in some bacteria
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Eukaryotic cells
Distinct nucleus, with a nuclear envelope
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Membrane-bounded organelles, such as mitochondria, are present
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Where present, cell wall is made mostly of cellulose (or chitin in fungi)
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Viruses
They contain nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA as genetic material but can only multiply inside living host cells. The nucleic acids is enclosed within a protein coat called the capsid.
Some viruses, like human immunodeficiency virus, are further surrounded by a lipid envelope. The lipid envelope, or if this not present, the capsid, have attachment proteins which are essential to allow the virus to identify and attach to a host cell.
They are smaller than bacteria, ranging in size from 20-300nm.
Viruses are acellular, non-living particles.