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Chapter 14 : Groupthink - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 14 : Groupthink
Groupthink- A way of deliberating that group members use when their desire for unanimity overrides their motivation to asses all available plans of action.
-*Groupthink is often present because those in positions of authority or decision-making power surround themselves with those who are willing to "go along to get along"
**Assumption of Groupthink-Conditions in group promote high cohesiveness.**
-Group problem solving is primarily a unified process.
-Groups and group decision making are frequently complex.*
Problem-solving groups-
*Sets of individuals whose main task is to make decisions and provide policy recommendations.
Task-Oriented groups-* Sets of individuals whose main goal is to work towards completing jobs assigned to them
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Affiliative constraints-*When members withhold their input rather than face rejection from the group
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Symptoms of Groupthink
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The groupthink symptom, illusion of unanimity is frequently unconsciously undertaken by those who are shy, inexperienced, or reticent to speak up
Belief in the inherent morality of the group- Assumption that the group member are thoughtful and good; therefore, the decision they make will be good.
Closed-Minded- A group's willingness to ignore differences in people and warnings about poor group decisions
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Preventing Groupthink
Require Oversight and Control: Establish a parliamentary committee: Develop resources to proactively monitor ongoing policy ventures; establish incentives to intervene; link personal fate to fate of group members
Embrace Whistle-Blowing-Voice doubts: Avoid suppressing concerns about group processes; continue to disagree and debate when no satisfactory answers are given; question assumptions.
Allow for objection- Protect conscientious objectors: Provide for group member's exits; do not play down the moral implications of a course of action; acknowledge private concerns about ethical issues in the group.
Balance Consensus and Majority Rule- Alter rule governing choice; Relieve pressure on groups in minority positions; dissuade the development of subgroups; introduce a multiple advocacy approach to decisions.
Whistle-blowing-*Process in which individuals report unethical or illegal behaviors or practices to others
Conscientious objectors- Group members who refuse to participate because it would violate personal conscience
Integration, Critique and Closing
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Closing-Groupthink has been quite influential in several fields of study, including communication, cognitive and social psychology, anthropology and political science.
- This theory helping us identify and examine one type of group decision-making problem.