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COLONIAL SOCIETY IN AMERICA, Creoles, Mestizos, Mercantilist Economic…
COLONIAL SOCIETY IN AMERICA
Late 15th century to the early 19th century.
Colonial society
Features
Rigid social hierarchy
Top
Peninsulares
Born in Spain or Portugal
Mulattos
Mixed European and African heritage
Bottom
Indigenous
African populations
Economic exploitation
Encomienda System
Exchange
"Protection"
Christianization.
For
Forced labor from
indigenous peoples
Mita System
Establishment of mining operations
For
Extraction of precious metals for the Spanish crown.
Colonies
Peru
Force indigenous people
Work in the mines
Mexico
Cultural syncretism
Blending
European
Indigenous
African cultures
Aspects like
Art
Language
Religion
Religious influence
Central role in shaping colonial society.
Missionaries worked to convert indigenous populations to Christianity
Church was often a major landowner.
Church also played a role in education and social welfare.
Economic
Dependence on Agriculture
Central to the production of cash crops
Encomienda
Hacienda systems
Indigenous and African slave labor was prevalent.
Production of
Sugar
Tobacco
Coffee
Cacao
Politics
Laws and social norms determined the rights and privileges of individuals
Based on
Racial background.
Resistance and revolts against colonial rule
Indigenous uprisings, like the Tupac Amaru Rebellion in Peru
Refers to...
Period of European colonization
Marked by
Establishment of European colonies in the Americas
Interaction and integration
Between
European
Iindigenous
African populations
Creoles
European descent born in the Americas
Mestizos
Mixed European and indigenous heritage
Mercantilist Economic Policies
Extract wealth from the colonies
For
Benefit of the European mother countries.
Slave revolts
Haitian Revolution, challenged colonial authorities.
Social structure
Institutions
Cultural dynamics