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Exploring Psych, Week 8, Revision - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Freud believed attachment is formed based on biological drives, basic impulses for survival, we are born with instincts to attach to the person who provides food, usually the mother.
      - Believed this is an unconscious process of survival. Believed there are no emotions evolved. Seen as a way to survive through the provision of food. Infants get attached to mothers because they provide food the first weeks after birth.
    - - He believed that we form attachments based on the physical contact we need, or the world becomes a scary place.
      - Famous experiment with baby rhesus monkeys. Cloth mother. Metal mothers had milk (food), One provided comfort and one provided food - baby monkeys preferred to get comfort from cloth mothers. Attachment is formed not only through provision of milk but also because of the physical contact between the infant and the carers. Both create an attachment.
      - Supported by Skinner
        
        Not the biological drive that make us form attachment but this bond that we constantly work on with our carers, and it is based on feeling this comfort, this physical contact.
        
        This attachment is extremely important for young children, it is the secure base for forming relationships later on in our lives.
      - Bowlby - supported initial experiments of Harlow
        
        Did a lot of work with abandoned children and babies and adolescents. Worked in different orphanages and hospitals during WW2. Were able to see that those children who were abandoned there were really disturbed and frustrated. Bowlby and colleagues explored this emotional disturbance among children who have lost their families and their carers.
        
        They came up with a concept which is extremely important and this is that attachment is actually an internal working model
        
        It is internal because it happens inside us, and it is inside our care, and it is a working model because we constantly reestablish this.
        
        Suggested that attachment takes place between the 7th and 9th month of development, some people have challenged this, based a lot on individual and cultural norms.
        
        Suggested attachment is formed around 6 months - however theories have challenged this, but still we know that around this period infants get attached to their carers.
        
        Internal working model of attachment is constantly reestablished, takes the form of different stages, young infants are seeking the attention of their mother.
        
        Attachment includes an element of separation distress. Distressed when we say goodbye to our loved ones.
        
        Specific behaviors relate to reunions
        
        Reorienting important elements, they put the rules. If the mother had to go out and she was not there when they were going to sleep they were extremely upset and disturbed, they are purring their needs inside this bond that they are creating.
        
        4 phases of attachment:
        
        2.Attachment-in-the-making: testing limitless, constantly reestablished. 7-9 months
        
        3.Clear-cut-attachment: Will have a specific internal working model. to 24 months
        
        1.Preattachment: based on need to have food. Birth to 6 weeks
        
        4.Reciprocal relationship - based on the clear cut attachment but is being challenged because of other incidents in life. For several years
  - - - Mother and her child are going into a room and they play together and then a stranger comes in and the three of them are playing together...
        Then the mother leaves the room and the stranger remains in the room. Then the stranger leaves the room and the child is alone. Then the mother or stranger returns.
        
        Based on the response of the child Ainsworthh was able to come up with attachment theory which is based on different styles.
        
        Avoidant Attachment-, happy together and then when the mother leaves the child is too upset, but will come back to the toys and start playing, but when the mother returns during the reunion the child is very upset with her, no cuddles, child will continue to play may be angry with the mother. 25-30% of the UK.
        
        Resistant Attachment - child resists going near her when she returns.Child is really upset and will be angry with the mother, the child resists. 23% of UK.
        
        Secure attachment - when the child and mother are in the room they play together, the stranger comes in, the child continues to play and interact with the mother, when the mother leaves the child is upset, when the mother comes in the child runs to the mother and is very happy. And then they continue to play. 1/5th.
        
        Disorganized Attachment - People who are attached but they can’t organize emotions, they do not get upset when mother leaves, they do not understand what is going on, they are very upset but it is very difficult for them to expresssd this.
        
        Research shows that maybe their emotions have not been shown as a good thing in the family environment, when they are extremely happy they have heard judgment around this, or when they are sad their emotions are devalued, they don't know how to react. This continues in their lives, they are like “I know I like him… but i don’t know what this means, so I will probably avoid contact with him, I will avoid being in a serious relationship, up until I make up my mind what is going on.” 12-15% percent.
- - - - Reflexes are the building blocks of coordinated action.
        
        Crawling: 7-9 months
        
        Walking - 1 year
        
        Reaching: 3-5 months
    - - classical conditioning (pavlov's dogs, we associate everything with something else)
      - operant conditioning (learn through punishment and rewards).