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Bites in surgical practice - Coggle Diagram
Bites in surgical practice
Bites during surgical procedures are a rare but serious complication that can occur in both patients and healthcare providers.
Types
Patient bites: These occur when a patient accidentally bites a healthcare provider during a surgical procedure. Patient bites can cause injuries to the provider's skin, soft tissue, and nerves, as well as the risk of infection and transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Patient bites can also cause psychological trauma for the provider, as they may feel violated or threatened by the patient's behavior.
Healthcare provider bites: These occur when a healthcare provider accidentally bites a patient during a surgical procedure. Healthcare provider bites can cause injuries to the patient's skin, soft tissue, and nerves, as well as the risk of infection and transmission of bloodborne pathogens. Healthcare provider bites can also cause psychological trauma for the patient, as they may feel embarrassed or ashamed by the provider's behavior.
Both patient and healthcare provider bites are rare but serious complications that can occur during surgical procedures. They require immediate attention and management to minimize the risks and complications associated with the bites. Proper prevention, management, reporting, education, and follow-up are essential to minimize the occurrence of bites during surgical procedures.
Clinical presentation
Patient bites:
Skin injury: The patient's teeth may cause lacerations, puncture wounds, or avulsions of the skin, which can result in bleeding, bruising, and swelling.
Soft tissue injury: The patient's teeth may also cause injuries to the soft tissue, including the mucous membranes, lips, and tongue. These injuries can result in pain, bleeding, and swelling.
Nerve injury: The patient's teeth may also cause injuries to the nerves, which can result in numbness, tingling, or paralysis.
Infection: Bites can also result in the transmission of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, which can cause infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, and sepsis.
Healthcare provider bites:
Skin injury: The healthcare provider's teeth may cause lacerations, puncture wounds, or avulsions of the skin, which can result in bleeding, bruising, and swelling.
Soft tissue injury: The healthcare provider's teeth may also cause injuries to the soft tissue, including the mucous membranes, lips, and tongue. These injuries can result in pain, bleeding, and swelling.
Nerve injury: The healthcare provider's teeth may also cause injuries to the nerves, which can result in numbness, tingling, or paralysis.
Infection: Bites can also result in the transmission of bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens, which can cause infections such as cellulitis, abscesses, and sepsis.
TTT
Patient bites:
Cleaning and irrigation: The wound should be cleaned thoroughly with sterile saline or water to remove any debris, bacteria, or bloodborne pathogens. The wound should also be irrigated with sterile saline to flush out any remaining debris.
Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bite, the patient's medical history, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions.
Tetanus prophylaxis: Tetanus vaccine or tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) may be administered to prevent tetanus, a bacterial infection that can cause muscle spasms and respiratory failure.
Wound closure: Depending on the severity of the wound, it may be closed with sutures, staples, or skin glue to promote healing and prevent infection.
Follow-up: The patient should be closely monitored for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or fever, and should be instructed to report any symptoms to their healthcare provider.
Healthcare provider bites:
Cleaning and irrigation: The wound should be cleaned thoroughly with sterile saline or water to remove any debris, bacteria, or bloodborne pathogens. The wound should also be irrigated with sterile saline to flush out any remaining debris.
Antibiotics: Antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens. The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bite, the healthcare provider's medical history, and the presence of any underlying medical conditions.
Tetanus prophylaxis: Tetanus vaccine or tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) may be administered to prevent tetanus, a bacterial infection that can cause muscle spasms and respiratory failure.
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP): PEP may be necessary to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, such as HIV or hepatitis B or C, depending on the patient's medical history and the presence of any underlying medical conditions.
Follow-up: The healthcare provider should be closely monitored for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or fever, and should be instructed to report any symptoms to their healthcare provider.