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Unit Six: Making Connections - Coggle Diagram
Unit Six: Making Connections
The Purpose of Education
Preparation for the adult world
Baldwin -- encouraging investigation into societal constructs and standards
Labaree -- social mobility
Democratic equality
Social efficiency
Apple -- schools as microcosms of the greater world/society
Upholding issues around race, class, gender, etc.
Marketization of education
priming students for capitalism/job market
Linda Darling-Hammond: producing a routinely high-quality and equitable education and preparing students for the 21st century
Private vs. Public
Labaree
Public: democratic equality and social efficiency
Private: social mobility
Pressure-cooker aspect of social mobility in schools
Competition or collaboration?
Cal
Schools/education as highly politicized
How can this be mobilized?
Privitization and selective learning
Sex education, evolution, etc.
Epperson v. Arkansas
Promotion of segregation and mitigation of deep curiosity
Carter → varied perspectives and representations in engaging societal issues and tensions
Equitable Learning Environments: Grade Retention & Restorative Practices
Grade retention
Promotional standards
By 9th grade approximately half of all students in the U.S. have flunked at least one grade
Poor performance for held-back children
Dropouts 5x more likely to repeat a grade
Social-emotional wellbeing
Only two things reported as being as stressful as being held back
Fiscal concerns
Restorative practices
Creating school climates and relationships that inspire feelings of trust, safety, and belonging
Affective statements
Impromptu conferences
Restorative circles
Zero-tolerance policies
Exclusionary discipline
Equitable Learning Environments: Language
Lau v. Nichols
Established basis of requirement for ESL in US public schools
2856 of Chinese ancestry attending SF public schools, but only about 1,000 of them were receiving some kind of ESL instruction
5.5 million ELL students clustered in ELL schools
High poverty schools with concentrations of many typical accompanying issues
Title VI of Civil Rights Act (1964) → states that any federally funded program cannot discriminate on the basis of race, color, or ethnic background
must be provided ESL
not only to learn English but gain access to content of instruction
Common Core Standards
effort lead by the states to develop a common set of standards in English/Language Arts, Literacy, and Math
ELL and Common Core
ELL students need: Materials, language that is accessible to students, engagement of parents, assessment and accountability
Alignment
Assessment of commonality with respect to subject uniqueness
Alignment of teacher training in assessment
Both end-of-year
and
formative
Acknowledgment of overlaps