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PERSONALITY DISORDER - Coggle Diagram
PERSONALITY DISORDER
Notes
Phrenology—the study of the shape and size of a person’s skull
Disorders
Personality Disorders are:
extreme and deviate markedly from cultural expectations,
inflexible and pervasive across situations,
evident in adolescence or early adulthood and stable over time, and
associated with distress and impairment (APA, 2013).
Diagnostic: a categorical diagnostic model, involving 10 specific personality disorder types, which are each qualitatively distinct clinical syndromes; and
an alternative model, including components of both dimensional and categorical assessment.
Odd or Eccentric Behaviors
Paranoid personality disorder
Pervasive pattern of mistrust and suspiciousness regarding others’ motives
pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interpreted as malevolent
projection—a defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are denied and attributed to others; psychotherapy
Schizoid personality disorder
Socially isolated, emotionally cold, indifferent to others
impairment in social functioning, including social isolation, emotional coldness, a lack of responsiveness to praise or criticism, and indifference to others.
Schizotypal personality disorder
Peculiar thoughts and behaviors; poor interpersonal relationships
possess magical abilities or special powers; recurrent illusions; frequent elaboration, digression, or vagueness in conversation
interpersonal psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches, as well as group psychotherapy and medication
Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Behaviors
Antisocial personality disorder
Failure to conform to social or legal codes; lack of anxiety and guilt; irresponsible behaviors
pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others; failure to conform to social or legal codes, a lack of anxiety and guilt, and irresponsible behaviors; lying, manipulating other people, and perpetrating aggressive sexual acts. Relationships with others are superficial and fleeting and involve little loyalty.
Borderline personality disorder
Intense fluctuations in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships
volatile emotional reactions, instability in interpersonal relationships, poor self-image, and impulsive responding
Histrionic personality disorder
Self-dramatization; exaggerated emotional expression; and seductive, provocative, or attention-seeking behaviors
pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking; self-dramatization, tendency to draw attention to herself via seductive behavior and casual relationships, angry outbursts, manipulative suicidal threats, and lack of genuineness
Narcissistic personality disorder
Exaggerated sense of self-importance; exploitative behavior; lack of empathy
Anxious or Fearful Behaviors
Dependent personality disorder
Excessive dependence on others; inability to assume responsibilities; submissive
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Perfectionism; controlling interpersonal behavior; devotion to details; rigidity
pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency
Avoidant personality disorder
Pervasive social inhibition; fear of rejection and humiliation
cognitive-behavioral, short-term psychodynamic, interpersonal, and acceptance and commitment therapies
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Psychological Dimension
faulty superego development
have inherent neurobiological characteristics that impede their learning, and
lack positive role models to encourage prosocial behaviors.
Biological Dimension
nerve pathways linking the posterior cingulate cortex to the medial prefrontal cortex
hypersensitivity to threat (increased amygdala activity) no trait
gray matter in specific regions of the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes
diminished physiological responsivity in response to interpersonal stress trait