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IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - COMPOST AND VERMICOMPOST:
        Compost is formed using farmyard waste (animal excreta, plant waste,dead weeds, sewage) that is decomposing in a pit. sometimes to hasten the process, farmers add earthworms to the pit. This is called vermicomposting
      - GREEN MANURE:-
        plants like hemp and guar are grown in the field and then are mulched by ploughing them into the soil. This enriches the soil with phosphurous and nitrogen.
      - BIO-FERTILIZERS:
        Fertilizer that have living organisms in them. These organisms make the soil fertile.
  - - - CANALS- This is usually an elaborate and extensive system. a part of the main river is cut off and diverted to the farm to use the water
      - RIVER LIFT SYSTEMS: In areas where the canal system is not available and is clost to the rivers, they can directly draw water from the river for their use.,
      - WELLS
        
        TUBE WELLS- water is collected from the deeper strata. Water is lifted by pumps for irrigation
        
        DUG WELLS - it is collected from water bearing strata
      - TANKS: These are small storage reservoirs, the help catch run-off and collect rain-water.
- - - - DISEASES:-
        They can be spread through air soil and water. they can be infected by bacteria, fungi and viruses.
        
        CONTROLLING OF WEEDS, PESTS AND DISEASES:
        
        Spraying pesticides, but too much is bad for the soil
        
        mechanical removal- needs labour.
        PREVENTIVE MEASURES:-
        
        Intercropping and Crop rotation.
        
        Summer ploughing- ploughing very deep in the summer to get rid of pests and weeds.
        
        STORAGE OF GRAINS:-
        Storage losses in agriculture are very high. It can be easily stopped if we take proper measures to store the grains. Usually the reason for this is biotic, temperature and moisture are the ones to blame. It causes:-
        
        degradation of quality
        
        loss in weight
        
        poor germinability
        
        discolouration of the produce, leading to poor marketability.
        To prevent this :-
        
        Strict cleaning of the warehouse
        
        washing and drying of grains first in the sun then in the shade.
        
        Fumigation using chemicals to kill pests
- - - - DISEASE PREVENTION:-
        
        Proper cleaning and facilities
        
        Proper grooming to get rid of loose hair
        
        Good quality shelter that can protect them
        
        sloping floors to maintain a dry floor.
        Both external(parasites living on skin,causing skin diseases) and internal (worms that affect the small intestine and the quality of milk) diseases affect cattle, vaccinations are given for some diseases
        
        FEED:-
        Two types
        
        maintenance requirement consists of foods and nutrients that help the animal live a healthy life
        
        milk producing requirement consists of the food given during lactation period.
        
        Kinds of food given:-
        
        roughage- that mainly consists of fibre,
        
        concentrates- that have low fibre and relatively high amounts of nutrients like carbohydrates and protiens.
  - - - EGG AND BROILER PRODUCTION:-
        Broiler chickens are fed with vitamin rich feed with fat and proteins for better feed efficiency and growth rate. Care is done to minimize mortality and maintain carcass quality and feathering.
        The feed of the layers are only a little bit different from the broilers, both of them have vitamin A and K rich feed.
        
        DISEASE PREVENTION:-
        Poultry suffer from various deficiency diseases and communicable diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. To prevent this we need to sanitize and clean their shed at regular intervals, vaccination is also a common solution to this.
        
        MANAGEMENT:-
        Maintenance of temperature and disease prevention .