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Thyroid emergency - Coggle Diagram
Thyroid emergency
Investigations
- Thyroid function tests: These tests measure the levels of thyroid hormones, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies in the blood. They help to determine the cause of the thyroid emergency and guide the management plan.
- Electrolyte and metabolic panel: These tests measure the levels of electrolytes, glucose, and other metabolic parameters in the blood. They help to identify any underlying metabolic abnormalities that may be contributing to the thyroid emergency.
- Cardiac monitoring: Thyroid emergencies can cause cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Cardiac monitoring is essential to monitor the heart rate, rhythm, and blood pressure.
- Imaging studies: Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI may be used to evaluate the thyroid gland and identify any structural abnormalities or complications.
- Endocrinology consultation: In severe cases, a consultation with an endocrinologist may be necessary to provide expert management and monitoring.
- Close monitoring: Thyroid emergencies require close monitoring to ensure that the symptoms are improving and that there are no complications. Regular follow-up appointments may be necessary to ensure that the underlying condition is being managed effectively.
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Causes
- Thyroid storm: This is a life-threatening condition characterized by severe hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland). Symptoms include fever, rapid heartbeat, tremors, confusion, and delirium. Thyroid storm can lead to shock, coma, and death if not treated promptly with medications and supportive care.
- Myxedema coma: This is a severe form of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid gland) that can lead to coma and death. Symptoms include extreme fatigue, confusion, low body temperature, and decreased breathing and heart rate. Myxedema coma requires hospitalization and treatment with thyroid hormone replacement and supportive care.
- Thyroiditis: This is inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause temporary hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism. Symptoms include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, and weight loss. Treatment may include medications to manage symptoms and monitor thyroid function.
- Thyroid cancer: Although rare, thyroid cancer can be a medical emergency if it spreads to other parts of the body or causes complications such as airway obstruction or bleeding. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.
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