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Conclusion and Checklist - Coggle Diagram
Conclusion and Checklist
Processing Questionnaire Data
Before starting the
analyses
Submit your data to “data cleaning procedures” .
Reverse the scoring of negatively worded items.
Consider standardizing the data.
Always prepare a backup of the data files.
For each multi-item scale.
Compute internal consistency reliability coefficients (Cronbach
Alphas).
Start the analyses of your questionnaire data by reducing the number of variables through computing multi-item scales.
Make use of charts/diagrams, schematic representations, and tables
As soon as you have received the completed questionnaires, mark each with a unique identification code.
Numerical questionnaire data are typically processed by means of statistical procedures
Administering the Questionnaire
To increase the quality and quantity of offline questionnaire
responses.
Emphasize confidentiality, “sell” the survey by communicating well its purpose and significance, provide advance notice, win the support of the various authority figures, the administrator’s overall conduct should be friendly and professional.
Postal administration
Formulate the cover letter very carefully, print the return address on the questionnaire as well, about two and a half weeks after the original mailing send a follow-up letter, and in another 10 days’ time send another one. Apply various strategies to increase the return rate.
Sample
Make the sample size large enough to allow for the results to reach statistical significance.
Make the participant sample as similar to the target population as
possible.
Beware of participant self-selection.
Administrations
Online administration
Using some incentive or some creative technique to
stimulate respondents to read your invitation email.
For web-based questionnaires, include a progress indicator and
pay special attention to designing the first few pages of the questionnaire.
Advertize the survey through multiple methods such as emails.
Try to reach the respondents several times using multiple
methods and, if you can, send at least two reminders.
One-to-one administration
Administration, make sure that you brief the questionnaire administrator well and consider giving him/her a cue card with the main points to cover when handing out the questionnaires.
Constructing the Questionnaire
Time and length of the questionnaire
Only in exceptional cases should a questionnaire be more than four pages
30 minutes.
Questions
Open-ended questions are the least intrusive if they are toward
the end.
Personal/factual questions about the respondent should go to the
end.
Try and make the starter question(s) particularly involving.
Desing
Strive for an attractive and professional design for the questionnaire
a booklet format, economical use of space, an orderly layout, good paper quality.
Instructions
General instructions and specific instruction
Items
Start by generating a theoretically driven list of the main areas to be covered.
Avoid the use of single-item variables.
Avoid truly open-ended questions that require lengthy answers.
Be careful about how you formulate sensitive items.
Keep the number of items that are seeking confidential information to the minimum.