Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
GI surgical stomas - Coggle Diagram
GI surgical stomas
Classification
- Ileostomy: This is created by bringing the end of the small intestine (ileum) through the abdominal wall. It is typically performed when the large intestine is removed or when there is a blockage in the colon. Food and digestive juices pass through the stoma into a collection bag.
-
- Colostomy: This is created by bringing a portion of the large intestine (colon) through the abdominal wall. It is typically performed when a portion of the colon is removed due to disease or injury. Solid feces pass through the stoma into a collection bag.
-
- Jejunostomy: This is created by bringing a portion of the small intestine (jejunum) through the abdominal wall. It is typically performed to provide a route for feeding directly into the small intestine when the stomach or upper intestine is not functioning properly.
- Gastrostomy: This is created by bringing a portion of the stomach through the abdominal wall. It is typically performed to provide a route for feeding directly into the stomach when the patient is unable to swallow or absorb nutrients through the mouth.
-
The care of a surgical stoma involves keeping the area clean and dry, changing the collection bag regularly, and monitoring for any signs of infection or complications. The patient may also need to make dietary adjustments to manage the flow of digestive materials through the stoma. The length of time the stoma is necessary will depend on the underlying condition that required its creation. In some cases, the stoma may be closed surgically once the condition has been resolved.
Care
Ileostomy
Caring for an ileostomy involves several steps to ensure proper hygiene, prevent complications, and manage any symptoms that may arise. Here are some general guidelines for caring for an ileostomy:
- Skin care: The skin around the stoma should be kept clean and dry. Use a mild soap and water to clean the area, and pat it dry with a clean towel. Avoid using harsh soaps, alcohol, or perfumed products.
- Stoma care: The stoma itself should be cleaned regularly with a saline solution or an approved stoma cleanser. Use a soft-bristled brush or a cotton swab to gently clean the stoma, being careful not to irritate the skin.
- Collection bag: Use an appropriate collection bag to collect the output from the stoma. Change the bag regularly, at least every 24 hours, or more frequently if necessary.
- Diet: A high-fiber diet can help prevent constipation and diarrhea. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Avoid spicy or greasy foods, which can irritate the stoma.
- Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to manage symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, or inflammation. Follow the instructions carefully.
- Exercise: Regular exercise can help improve bowel function and prevent constipation.
- Follow-up care: Attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor the stoma and ensure that it is healing properly.
- Emotional support: Coping with a new stoma can be emotionally challenging. Seek support from a healthcare professional, support group, or counselor.
Colostomy
Caring for a colostomy involves several steps to ensure proper hygiene, prevent complications, and manage any symptoms that may arise. Here are some general guidelines for caring for a colostomy:
- Skin care: The skin around the stoma should be kept clean and dry. Use a mild soap and water to clean the area, and pat it dry with a clean towel. Avoid using harsh soaps, alcohol, or perfumed products.
- Stoma care: The stoma itself should be cleaned regularly with a saline solution or an approved stoma cleanser. Use a soft-bristled brush or a cotton swab to gently clean the stoma, being careful not to irritate the skin.
- Collection bag: Use an appropriate collection bag to collect the output from the stoma. Change the bag regularly, at least every 24 hours, or more frequently if necessary.
- Diet: A high-fiber diet can help prevent constipation and diarrhea. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Avoid spicy or greasy foods, which can irritate the stoma.
- Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to manage symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, or inflammation. Follow the instructions carefully.
- Exercise: Regular exercise can help improve bowel function and prevent constipation.
- Follow-up care: Attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor the stoma and ensure that it is healing properly.
- Emotional support: Coping with a new stoma can be emotionally challenging. Seek support from a healthcare professional, support group, or counselor.
- Stoma irrigation: In some cases, your healthcare provider may recommend stoma irrigation, which involves flushing the colon with water to soften the stool and make it easier to pass. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider carefully.
- Wound care: If the skin around the stoma becomes red, irritated, or inflamed, notify your healthcare provider. They may recommend a special dressing or medication to help heal the wound.
Gastrostomy
- Skin care: The skin around the stoma should be kept clean and dry. Use a mild soap and water to clean the area, and pat it dry with a clean towel. Avoid using harsh soaps, alcohol, or perfumed products.
- Stoma care: The stoma itself should be cleaned regularly with a saline solution or an approved stoma cleanser. Use a soft-bristled brush or a cotton swab to gently clean the stoma, being careful not to irritate the skin.
- Tube care: The feeding tube should be cleaned regularly with a saline solution or an approved tube cleanser. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider carefully.
- Feeding schedule: Follow the feeding schedule provided by your healthcare provider. This may involve feeding through the tube at regular intervals or as needed.
- Diet: If you are able to eat, follow a diet recommended by your healthcare provider. If you are unable to eat, the feeding tube will provide all necessary nutrients.
- Medications: Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to manage symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Follow the instructions carefully.
- Follow-up care: Attend all follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to monitor the stoma and ensure that it is healing properly.
- Wound care: If the skin around the stoma becomes red, irritated, or inflamed, notify your healthcare provider. They may recommend a special dressing or medication to help heal the wound.
- Tube changes: If the feeding tube becomes clogged or dislodged, notify your healthcare provider. They may recommend a new tube or a different feeding schedule.
- Emotional support: Coping with a new feeding tube can be emotionally challenging. Seek support from a healthcare professional, support group, or counselor.
A gastrointestinal surgical stoma is an opening created by surgery through which food, digestive juices, or feces can be diverted from their normal path. This is done to bypass a blockage, remove a diseased or damaged organ, or provide an alternative route for eliminating waste products. The most common types of gastrointestinal surgical stomas are: