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STEP-BASED APPROACH image, The Design of Processes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - output variety greater = process more flexible
      - complex, adds costs and requires skills
      - high variety limits automation & can bring delay
    - - some ops are designed to have approx same output each day
      - swings in demand over time
        
        one-off events create spikes in demand
        
        volume flexibility - increasing capacity temp or buffering operation
      - high variation = complex
    - - processes designed based on scale (large/small volumes)
      - less systematisation
    - - degree of separation between customer and process
        
        adv: efficiency & smooth running
        
        watch at a distance (medium visibility)
      - some have degree of contact between customer & processes (high visabiltiy)
        
        factor into the design
- - - - cost-focused layout
        
        unit costs minimised- even flow of resources, minimising distance travelled & min cost of location & transportation
      - revenue-focused layout
        
        customers participate, they make decision on what to purchase
        
        layout encourages more spending by customer
        
        distance travelled may be longer & journey time not minimised
- - - - flexible, copes with diff varieties of products
      - each cell can have co-located adjacent steps for type of product it is producing
  - - - designed around steps needed to product product/service (flow line)