Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM
1.1.8 Describe the interaction by using graphical representation between applications and the operating system
A graphical representation between applications and the operating system is graphical user interface (GUI).
A GUI (graphical user interface) is a system of interactive visual components for computer software.
A GUI displays objects that convey information and represent actions that the user can take. The objects change color, size, or visibility when the user interacts
Benefits - considered to be more user-friendly than a text-based command-line interface, such as MS-DOS or the shell of Unix-like operating systems.
Example of GUI
Microsoft Windows
Apple System 7 and macOS
ChromeOS
Linux variants like Ubuntu use a GUI interface.
1.1.7 Describe the components of operating system:
a. Kernel
most important piece of software in an Operating System and is made up of many core components
example; memory management, processes, files and input/output
b. Shell
Allowing communication with the operating system via a control language
Letting the user control the peripherals without knowing the characteristic of hardware used.
c. File System
Allowing files to be recorded in tree structure.
1.1.6 Describe the following concepts in relation to operating system
a. Multitasking
Process of letting the OS perform multiple task at what seems to the user simultaneously.
Also known as Time-sharing systems.
b. Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming assumes a single shared processor.
Goal of multiprogramming is to efficiently utilize all of the computing resources.
Increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs so that the CPU always has one to execute.
c. Time-Sharing
A method of allowing multiple individuals at different terminals to access the same computer system simultaneously.
Switching between users is very fast.
f. Caching
storing data in a separate disk (very fast speed disk)
The data which is to be used many times results in wastage of time if it is in hard disk, but storing the data in cache reduces this time wastage.
Example – Cache is used in system to speed up the access of data frequently used.
e. Spooling
An abbreviation for Simultaneous Peripheral Operation online.
The temporary storage of data for use and execution by a device, program, or system is known as spooling.
Spooling refers to putting jobs in a buffer, a special area in memory or on a disk where a device can access them when it is ready.
d. Buffering
There are mainly three types of buffering that are used in OS :
i. Single Buffering
ii. Double Buffering
iii. Circular Buffering
A process in which the data is stored in a buffer or cache, which makes this stored data more accessible than the original source.
1.1.9 Identify the different interfaces of operating systems
b. Voice actuated
Allow the user to interact with a system through voice or speech commands.
Example :
c. Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicators such as primary notation.
a. Command line
Interacting with a computer program by inputting lines of text.
A text-based interface where you can input commands that interact with a computer's operating system.
Example:
d. Web form
Are onscreen forms displaying fields containing data items o parameters that need to be communicated to the user.
May be implemented using the Web
Resemble paper forms because internet users fill out the forms using checkboxes, radio button or text fields
1.1.10 Describe the relationship between system calls and Application Programming Interface (API)
System calls can often be more detailed and difficult to work with than the API
API is a set of protocols, routines, and functions which allows the exchange data among various applications and devices.
System call allows a program to request services from the kernel.
The protocols and functions in API that define the methods of communication among various components.
