The Transcendental Aesthetic

Kant considers sensibility receptive and active:

receptive: receives from the outer reality or from our inner experience

active: arranges the sensation material according to space and time.

Space = the a priori representation that is the foundation for all outer experiences

Time = the pure and a priori representation that is the foundation of our inner states

Kant proves Locke, Newton and Leibniz wrong to prove the a priori nature of space and time

Newton’s objectivist theory: Kant says that space and time aren't real

Leibniz conceptualist theory: Kant says space and time aren’t concepts as they have an intuitive nature

Locke empirical theory: Kant says that space and time can’t be derived from experience

Transcendental Analytics

Kant distinguishes between:

Intuitions: are affections which have a passive connotation

Concepts: are functions, which have an active connotations

concepts can be divided into:

Empirical concepts: consisting of material that come from experience

Pure concepts: they are a priori in our intellect (correspond to the categories)

Categories: Quantity, quality, relation and modality

Transcendental Dialectic

metaphysics are explained in the transcendental Dialectic

three fundamental ideas of reason

b) unify the data of outer sense according to the idea of the world

c) unify both inner and outer data through the idea of God

a) unify the data of our inner sense according to the idea of the soul

metaphysics transforms these 3 into reality

Kant’s examines the demonstrations of God’s existence:

cosmological demonstration: what's necessary vs what's contingent

teleological demonstration: the aim of a perfect and infinite mind/god

ontological demonstration: proves God’s existence thanks to the definition of God himself