The Transcendental Aesthetic
Kant considers sensibility receptive and active:
receptive: receives from the outer reality or from our inner experience
active: arranges the sensation material according to space and time.
Space = the a priori representation that is the foundation for all outer experiences
Time = the pure and a priori representation that is the foundation of our inner states
Kant proves Locke, Newton and Leibniz wrong to prove the a priori nature of space and time
Newton’s objectivist theory: Kant says that space and time aren't real
Leibniz conceptualist theory: Kant says space and time aren’t concepts as they have an intuitive nature
Locke empirical theory: Kant says that space and time can’t be derived from experience
Transcendental Analytics
Kant distinguishes between:
Intuitions: are affections which have a passive connotation
Concepts: are functions, which have an active connotations
concepts can be divided into:
Empirical concepts: consisting of material that come from experience
Pure concepts: they are a priori in our intellect (correspond to the categories)
Categories: Quantity, quality, relation and modality
Transcendental Dialectic
metaphysics are explained in the transcendental Dialectic
three fundamental ideas of reason
b) unify the data of outer sense according to the idea of the world
c) unify both inner and outer data through the idea of God
a) unify the data of our inner sense according to the idea of the soul
metaphysics transforms these 3 into reality
Kant’s examines the demonstrations of God’s existence:
cosmological demonstration: what's necessary vs what's contingent
teleological demonstration: the aim of a perfect and infinite mind/god
ontological demonstration: proves God’s existence thanks to the definition of God himself