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Chapter 4: overview of cell structure 2 types of cells : - Coggle…
Chapter 4: overview of cell structure
2 types of cells :
Prokaryotes
No nucleus
It has a simple cell structure
There are 2 categories of prokaryotic cells
Archaea
Less common
small cells, 1μm –10μm in diameter
found in extreme environments
Bacteria
Very abundant in environment and our bodies
majority are not harmful to humans
Small cells, 1 μm –10μm in diameter
Some species cause disease
Typical bacteria cell
Plasma membrane: encloses the cytoplasm
cell wall: provides support and protection
site where the DNA is found
Glycocalyx: Outer gelatinous covering
Flagella: Helps the bacteria to move / swim
pili: Allows the bacteria to attach to surfaces and to each other.
Cytoplasm: site of metabolism
Ribosomes: synthesizes polypeptides
Eukaryotes
Each organelle has a unique structure and function
Compartmentalized functions
Shape, size, and organization of cells vary considerably
2 types:
Plant cells
It has a similar structure to the animal cells, except for these 3 organelles:
Cell wall: provides cell support.
Chloroplast: site of photosynthesis
Central vacuole: it's a site where it provides storage and regulation of cell volume.
Animal cells
9-Chromatin: a complex of protein and DNA
10-Plasma membrane: It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
8-Ribosome: synthesizes polypeptides
11-Peroxisome: site where harmful molecules are broken down
7-Golgi apparatus: site of modification, secretion, and sorting of proteins and lipids
6-Cytosol: site of many metabolic pathways
12-Mitochondrion: Site of ATP synthesis.
5-Smooth ER: Site of detoxification and lipid synthesis.
13-Rough ER: site of protein sorting and secretion.
4-Centrosome: site where microtubules grow and centrosome found.
14-Nuclear pore: It's a passageway for molecules into and out of the nucleus.
3-Nucleus: Area where the genetic material is organized and expressed.
15-Nuclear envelope: It's a double membrane that encloses the nucleus
2-Nucleolus: site for ribosome subunit assembly.
1-Lysosome: Area where macromolecules are degraded.