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Pathology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - To cause disease, a pathogen must successfully achieve four steps or stages of pathogenesis: exposure (contact), adhesion (colonization), invasion, and infection.
      - Important to understand the spread so an appropriate and effective cure, vaccine, or preventative measure can be put in place
- - - - The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins.
        
        These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling. This helps isolate the foreign substance from further contact with body tissues.
        
        Helps by removing injurious stimuli and initiating the healing process
        
        The chemicals also attract white blood cells called phagocytes that "eat" germs and dead or damaged cells. This process is called phagocytosis. Phagocytes eventually die.
        
        Pus is formed from a collection of dead tissue, dead bacteria, and live and dead phagocytes
      - Both infectious and non-infectious agents and cell damage activate inflammatory cells and trigger inflammatory signaling pathways
      - In response to this injury the body sends cascading signals that eventually activate leukocyte chemotaxis from the general circulation to sites of damage. These activated leukocytes produce cytokines that induce inflammatory responses
- - - - Metabolic acidosis, (2) respiratory acidosis, (3) metabolic alkalosis, and (4) respiratory alkalosis
      - metabolic? conditions are controlled by hyperventilation and hypoventilation to try and get rid of or keep more CO2 in the body.
- - - - disease increases no of mature and immature neutrophils (type of white blood cell (leukocytes))
        
        neutrophils released (made?) from bone marrow