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Amanda Montanez Period 5 Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Amanda Montanez Period 5
Nervous System
31 pairs of spinal nerves
5 pairs of lumbar nerves (L1-L5)
5 pairs of sacral nerves (S1-S5)
12 pairs of thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
1 pair of tiny coccygeal nerves (Co1)
8 pairs of cervical nerves (C1-C8)
tissues
neurons
structural unit of nervous system
neuroglia (glial cells)
supporting cell of nervous system
in CNS...
astrocytes
microglial
ependymal
oligodendrocytes
in PNS...
satellite cells
Schwann cells
disorders & diseases
Alzheimer's disease
spinal cord injury
autism
meningitis
stroke (CVA, cerebrovascular accident)
multiple sclerosis (MS)
action potential & nerve impulse
classification of neurons
motor (efferent)
interneurons
sensory (afferent)
major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system
peripheral nervous system (
PNS
)
cranial nerves & spinal nerves
somatic (afferent) division
conducts impulses from receptors to CNS
motor (efferent) division
conducts impulses from CNS to effectors
somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system (
ANS
)
sympathetic division
parasympathetic division
central nervous system (
CNS
)
brain and spinal cord
diencephalon
thalamus, hypothalamus
brain stem
midbrain, pons, medulla oblangata
cerebral hemispheres
cerebellum
major parts + functions of the brain
drugs of abuse
marijuana
methamphetamine
ecstasy
alcohol
heroin
LSD
cocaine
12 pairs of cranial nerves
VI. Abducens
motor nerves of eye -
abduction
fibers from inferior pons enter orbit via superior orbital fissures
primarily motor, innervating lateral rectus muscle
VII. Facial
motor nerves of face and sensory nerves of
taste
fibers from pons travel through
internal acoustic meatus
and emerge through
stylomastoid foramina
to lateral aspect of face
five major branches: temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical
innervates muscles of
facial
expression
, transmit parasympathetic impulses to lacrimal and
salivary glands
; sensory function (taste) from anterior 2/3 of tongue
V. Trigeminal
sensory and motor nerves of
face + mouth
largest cranial nerves; fibers extend from pons to face
three divisions: ophthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)
conveys sensory impulses from various
areas of face
(V1 & V2); supply motor fibers to muscles of
mastication
(V3)
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
sensory nerves of
hearing + balance
afferent fibers from hearing receptors (
cochlear division
) and equilibrium receptors (
vestibular division
) pass from inner ear through internal acoustic meatus to enter brain stem at pons-medulla border
mostly sensory FKA
auditory nerve
IV. Trochlear
motor nerves of eye -
inferolateral mvmt
fibers emerge from dorsal midbrain to enter orbit through superior orbital fissure
innervates superior oblique; directs eyeball
IX. Glossopharyngeal
mixed nerves of tongue + pharynx
fibers from medulla leave skull via
jugular foramen
to run to throat
motor: innervate part of tongue and pharynx for
swallowing
; provide parasympathetic fibers to parotid
salivary glands
sensory: conduct
taste
, gen sensory impulses from pharynx + posterior tongue, impulses from carotid chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
III. Oculomotor
motor nerves of eye -
medial mvmt
fibers extend from ventral midbrain through superior orbital fissure to four of six extrinsic eye muscles
raises upper eyelid; pupillary constriction & control lens shape via parasympathetic fibers
X. Vagus
mixed nerves of
heart, lungs + digestive system
fibers from medulla exit skull via jugular foramen and descend into abdomen
motor: most fibers are parasympathetic efferents and help regulate activity of heart, lungs, and abdominal viscera
sensory: transmit impulses from thoracic & abdominal viscera, baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and taste buds of posterior tongue + pharynx
II. Optic
sensory nerves of
vision
attach to forebrain
arise from retina (really a brain tract); pass through optic canal, converge to form optic chiasma, cont as optic tracts and synapse at thalamus; optic radiation fibers run to occipital (visual) cortex
purely sensory
XI. Accessory
mixed nerves of superior spinal cord
form from ventral rootlets from C1-C5 of spinal cord
primarily motor, innervates
trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
; FKA
spinal accessory nerve
I. Olfactory
sensory nerves of
smell
attach to forebrain
filaments run from nasal mucosa to synapse in olfactory bulbs; pathway terminates in primary olfactory cortex
purely sensory
XII. Hypoglossal
mixed nerves of
tongue
fibers from medulla exit skull via
hypoglossal canal
primarily motor, innervates intrinsic + extrinsic muscles of tongue
allows tongue movements that contribute to
swallowing and speech
major parts + functions of the spinal cord
neurotransmitters
reflex arc (major parts + functions)
integration center
motor neuron
sensory neuron
effector
receptor
major functions of the nervous system
integration
processing and interpretation of sensory input
motor output
activation of
effector organs
(muscles & glands) causes a response
sensory input
information gathered by sensory receptors to monitor internal and external changes
compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system
connective tissue coverings
meninges
three CT membranes external to CNS organs
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater