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English Grammar, Direct and indirect narration, Tense - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The man said, "I want to go"
    - - The man said that he wanted to go
  - - - The man said, "I wrote the book"
    - - The man said that he had written the book
  - - - The man said, "I was making a research to solve the problem"
    - - The man said that he had been making a research to solve the problem
  - - - The man said, "My father reads the Holy Quran every morning"
    - - The man said that his father reads the Holy Quran every morning
  - - - He said, "The children sang, danced and played"
    - - He said that the children sang, danced and played
  - - - Juan said to Pedro, "Your father will go to my office"
    - - Juan told Pedro that his father would go to his office
  - - - The man says that he will do it
    - - The man says, "I shall do it"
- - - - Paola said to Vale, "Are you reading now"
    - - Paola asked Vale if she was reading then
- - - - Direct
        
        Father said to me, “Never go there”
      - Indirect
        
        Father ordered me never to go there
  - - - They said, “Come again”
    - - They told or asked me to go again
  - - - The captain said, “Soldiers, march on”
    - - The captain commanded the soldiers to march on
  - - - He said to me, “Please let me go there”
    - - He requested me that he might be allowed to go there
  - - - He said, “Let him do it”
    - - He said that he might do it
  - - - He said, “Let us do it”
    - - He proposed that they should do it
- - - - Direct
        
        He said to me, “May you be happy”
      - Indirect
        
        He wished that I might be happy
  - - - The children sang, “Long live the country”
    - - The children wished singing that the country might live long
  - - - He said, “Good morning, my friend”
    - - He wished good morning to his friend
- - - - He said, “Hurrah! We have won the game”
    - - He exclaimed in joy that they had won the game
- - - - A near future action
      - A present action
      - Quatation from authors
      - Past event - narrative
      - An universal or general truth
      - A habitual or permanetn action
    - - Subject + infinitive verb + complement
  - - - Subject + to be + verb ing + complement
    - - An action going on at present
      - An immediate future action
    - - belive
      - feel
      - taste
      - Smell
      - Desire
  - - - Subject + have + parcitiple verb + complement
    - - An action jus finished
        
        I have done my duty
      - A past action the result of which is still goin on
        
        He has finished his work
      - An action begun in the past but not yet completed
        
        He has served in the school for then years
      - A future project action when preceded by when, before, after, as soon as
        
        I shaw return when I have finished the work
  - - - Subject + have + parcitiple + verb ing + complement
    - - Indicate that the action has been going on for a period and is not finished yet
        
        I have been reading in this school for five years
- - - - Subject + past verb + complement
    - - An action done in the past
      - A regular past habit
      - Action of two verbs going on at the same time
      - Action of a definite time in the past
  - - - Subject + past to be + verb ing + complement
    - - It denotes an action going on in the past
  - - - Subject + had + parcitiple verb + complement
    - - It denotes an action that was completed before another past action
        
        I had reached the school before the bell rang
  - - - Subject + had + been + verb ing + complement
    - - It denotes that an action had been going on before another past action
        
        I had been reading the book before you come
- - - - Subject + will + verb + complement
    - - It denotes an action that will take place in future
        
        He will do it
  - - - Subject + will + to be + verb ing + complement
    - - It denotes an action that will be going on in future
        
        He will be sleeping at that time
  - - - Subject + will + have + parcitiple verb + complement
    - - It denotes an action that will be completed at some point of time in future
        
        I shall have returned home by this time
  - - - Subject + will + have + been + verb ing + complement
    - - It denotes an action that will continuous for a period of time
        
        Neela will have been sleeping for three hours