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TEST & MEASUREMENT FOR PEOPLE WHO HATE TESTS & MEASUREMENT -…
TEST & MEASUREMENT FOR PEOPLE WHO HATE TESTS & MEASUREMENT
PART 1
CHAPTER 4: VALIDITY & ITS IMPORTANCE
VALIDITY IS HOW WELL THE SCORE REFLECTS ON WHAT IS MESURED ON THE TEST
TYPES OF VALIDITY
CONTENT BASED : WHEN WE WANT TO KNOW IF THE TEST IS A FAIR REPRESENTATION OF THE ITEMS SUCH AS CONTENT AND CONSTRUCT
CRITERION BASED : IF WE WANT TO KNOW WHETHER THE TEST SCORE IS RELATED TO THE SCORES OTHERS GET IN ANOTHER MEASUREMENT CRITERION THAT IS ALREADY VALID
CONSTRUCT BASED : WHEN WE WANT TO SEE IF A TEST SCORE REFLECTS A THEORY/TRAIT THAT WE WANT TO MEASURE
CHAPTER 1: WHY MEASUREMENT? AN INTRODUCTION
MEASURE OUTCOME
MAKE SENSE OF THE JUDGEMENT
WHAT DO WE TEST
ACHIEVEMENT
KNOWLEDGE IN PARTICULAR DOMAIN
PERSONALITY
CHARACTERISTICS/TRAITS/ATTITUDE
APTITUDE
POTENTIAL TO SUCCED IN A PARTICULAR SKILL
ABILITY/INTELLIGENCE
ONE'S LEVEL OF SKILL OR COMPETENCE
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
FUNCTIONS OF BRAIN. BEHAVIOUR/EMOTIONS/THINKING
CAREER
WHY DO WE TEST
3.FOR DIAGNOS
2.FOR PLACEMENT
TO CLASSIFY
FOR RESEARCH
SELECTION
WHAT MAKES A GOOD TEST
VALIDITY
RELIABILITY
HOW TEST ARE CREATED
CLASSICAL TEST THEORY (CTT)
ITEM RESPONSE THEORY(IRT)
CHAPTER 2: LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
MEANING OF VARIABLE & MEASUREMENT
VARIABLE :ANYTHING THAT CAN TAKE MORE THAN ONE VALUE
MEASUREMENT: THE ASSIGNMENT/LABEL TO A VARIABLE/OUTCOME
LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT
1.NOMINAL : NUMBERS TO DESCRIBE CATEGORY , EXAMPLE 1 FOR MALE, 2 FOR FEMALE
2.ORDINAL: EXAMPLE- GOOD, BETTER, WORSE
3.INTERVAL: POPULAR IN RESEARCH, USING INTERVAL MEASUREMENT ALLOWS TO USE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
4.RATIO : MOST INFORMATIVE LEVEL OF MEASUREMENT
COMPLEXITY VS PRECISION
1.RATIO 2. INTERVAL, 3. ORDINAL 4. NOMINAL
1.RATIO 2. INTERVAL, 3. ORDINAL 4. NOMINAL
CHAPTER 3: RELIABILITY AND ITS IMPORTANCE
THE CONSISTENCY OF SCORES
THE RANDOMNESS OF A BUNCH OF SCORES
HOW TO QUANTIFY RELIABILITY : BY COMPARING TWO SCORES FROM THE SAME TEST
METHOD
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY : GIVE A TEST TWICE TO A GROUP OF PEOPLE AND COMPARE THE SCORES
CAN USE INTERATER RELIABILITY : TWO PEOPLE OR RATERS SCORE THE PERSON
COMPONENTS OF A TEST SCORE
TRUE SCORE : WHAT YOU TYPICALLY SCORE YOU GET ON A TEST IF YOU TOOK IT A NUMBER OF TIMES
ERROR SCORE : THE GAP BETWEEN OBSERVED SCORE AND TRUE SCORE
LESS ERROR MEANS MORE RELIABLE
TRAIT ERROR :ERROR FROM THE PERSON TAKING THE TEST , EG - DIDNT STUDY ENOUGH
METHOD ERROR :ERROR COMING FROM THE TEST SITUATION , EG- THE TEST ROOM WAS WARM AND UNCOMFORTABLE
OBSERVED SCORE : THE SCORE YOU GET IN A TEST
FORMULA USED IN CLASSICAL TEST THEORY: OBSERVED SCORE =TRUE SCORE + ERROR SCORE
FORMULA USED IN ITEM RESPONSE THEORY , RELIABILITY = TRUE SCORE/OBSERVED SCORE VARIANCE
MEASURING RELIABILITY
CORRELATION COEFFICIENT : HOW CLOSE 2 VARIABLES ARE RELATED TO EACH OTHER. THE RANGE IS BETWEEN .00 - +1.00. THE HIGHER THE +NUMBER, THE MORE RELIABLE THE TEST IS
TYPES OF CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
DIRECT CORRELATION/POSITIVE : VARIABLES MOVE IN THE SAME OPPOSITE DIRECTION
INDIRECT CORRELATION/NEGATIVE :
TYPES OF RELIABILITY
TEST-RETEST : TESTING IF A TEST IS CONSISTENT OVER TIME
EXAMINE PERCENTAGE BETWEEN 2 RATERS
1ST DISADVANTAGE : "PRACTISE EFFECT" MIGHT HAVE AN INFLUENCE IF YOU RUN THE TEST FOR SUCCESSION
2ND DISTADVANTAGE: THE AMOUNT OF TIME BETWEEN THE TEST MIGHT INFLUENCE THE RELIABILITY
INTERRATER: TO FIND OUT IF THERE IS A CONSISTENCY BETWEEN DIFFERENT HUMAN SCORERS IN THE RATING OF SOME OUTCOME
CORRELATE SCORES FROM ONE TEST TO ANOTHER TEST
PARALLEL FORMS: TO FIND OUT IF DIFFERENT FORMS OF TEST GIVE EQUIVALENT SCORES
CORRELATE SCORES FROM TESTS GIVEN 2 TIMES
INTERNAL CONSISTENCY : FIND OUT IF PERFORMANCE OF ONE PART OF A TEST IS SIMMILAR TO ANOTHER PERFORMANCE OF ANOTHER PART OF A TEST
USING CRONBACH ALPHA TO TEST AND GIVE AVERAGE CORRELATION AMONG ALL PARTS OF A TEST
USE SPLT HALVES RELIABILITY : SPLIT THE TEST INTO TWO AND COMPARED
SPEARMAN-BROWN FORMULA:
CHAPTER 5: SCORES, STATS AND CURVES
CHAPTER 6: ITEM RESPONSE THEORY
CHAPTER 15: FAIR TESTING- JUSTICE FOR ALL
CHAPTER 16 : LAWS , ETHICS AND STANDARDS
PART 2
CHAPTER 7 :ACHIEVEMENT TESTS
CHAPTER 8: APTITUDE TEST
CHAPTER 9:INTELLIGENCE TEST
CHAPTER 10: PERSONALITY & NEUROPSYCHOLOGY TESTS
CHAPTER 11: CAREER CHOICES
PART III
CHAPTER 12 : PICKING THE RIGHT ANSWER
CHAPTER 13: BUILDING THE RIGHT ANSWER
CHAPTER 14:SURVEYS AND SCALE DEVELOPMENT