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The 4 layers are as follows :

Application

Transport

Network

Data link

TCP/IP model - Transmission Control & Internet Protocol

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Application Layer

This is the top layer of TCP/IP protocol suite. This layer includes applications or processes that use …

At each layer there are certain protocol options to carry out the task designated to that particular layer.

The application layer also has various protocols that applications use to communicate with the second layer, the transport layer. Some of the popular application layer protocols are :

HTTP - hyper text transfer protocol

FTP file transfer protocol

STMP simple transfer mail protocol

POP post office protocol

SNMP simple network management protocol

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TCP is reliable because packets are tracked and checked for errors so data is not lost in transit or corrupted.

TCP ensures packets reach their destination by numbering them, messages are sent confirming delivery, the packets are resent

2 way communication– the system sends packets back to acknowledge it has received your packets

Each time you do something the web browser sends TCP packets

Web server responds by sending TCP packets, which your web browser puts together to form the web page and display it

When you load a web page – Computer sends TCP packets to web service address

Standard that defines how messages are broken into packets and reassembled are broken up to packets and reassembled when they get to their destination

Transmission Control Protocol - TCP

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UDP – User Data Protocol

Similar to TCP – but doesnt check for errors

This makes it faster because because the messages confirming delivery slows down transmission of data

Packets are sent, the sender won’t wait to check if packet has been received, will continue sending packets

If UDP packets are not received, the recipient can’t request the missing packets

There is no guarantee that all packets have been received

This means that computers communicate at faster speed

UDP is best when communication needs to take place quickly and no need to correct errors