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The 4 layers are as follows :
Application
Transport
Network
Data link
TCP/IP model - Transmission Control & Internet Protocol
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Application Layer
This is the top layer of TCP/IP protocol suite. This layer includes applications or processes that use …
At each layer there are certain protocol options to carry out the task designated to that particular layer.
The application layer also has various protocols that applications use to communicate with the second layer, the transport layer. Some of the popular application layer protocols are :
HTTP - hyper text transfer protocol
FTP file transfer protocol
STMP simple transfer mail protocol
POP post office protocol
SNMP simple network management protocol
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TCP is reliable because packets are tracked and checked for errors so data is not lost in transit or corrupted.
TCP ensures packets reach their destination by numbering them, messages are sent confirming delivery, the packets are resent
2 way communication– the system sends packets back to acknowledge it has received your packets
Each time you do something the web browser sends TCP packets
Web server responds by sending TCP packets, which your web browser puts together to form the web page and display it
When you load a web page – Computer sends TCP packets to web service address
Standard that defines how messages are broken into packets and reassembled are broken up to packets and reassembled when they get to their destination
Transmission Control Protocol - TCP
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UDP – User Data Protocol
Similar to TCP – but doesnt check for errors
This makes it faster because because the messages confirming delivery slows down transmission of data
Packets are sent, the sender won’t wait to check if packet has been received, will continue sending packets
If UDP packets are not received, the recipient can’t request the missing packets
There is no guarantee that all packets have been received
This means that computers communicate at faster speed
UDP is best when communication needs to take place quickly and no need to correct errors