Learning styles
COGNITIVE STYLE
Field dependent
Field independent
When learners prefer to experiment the learning process in a social context
When learners prefer to develop the learning process independently, without being affected by external things.
Analytic
EXAMPLE: A field-dependent child working in group, sharing thoughts and ideas and expecting collaboration of peers and feedback.
EXAMPLE: A field.independent learner that works in an individual project, using independent exploration and its own creativity.
A learner that is more focused on details and deep analysis of the information
EXAMPLE: An analytic learner that prefers to do activities such as: objects organization, categorization of items and problem-solving tasks.
Global
A learner that focuses on the overall information more deeply.
EXAMPLE: A child with a global cognitive style that is outstanding when it comes to identify the global narrative of a story.
Reflective
Impulsive
A learner that prefers to take time before making decisions
EXAMPLE: A reflective child that prefers tasks that involve personal reflection.
A learner that is able to make decisions quickly and spontaneously.
EXAMPLE: A pupil that participates actively in class discussions, rising his hand just right after a question was made.
SENSORY STYLE
Perceptual Style
Visual
A student that is better at learning through visual aids, images, flowcharts, etc.
Auditory
A student that is better at learning through listening material, such as: discussions, podcasts, audiobooks, etc.
Tactile
A student that is good at learning through hands-on activities.
Kinesthetic
A pupil that is good at learning through activities that involve movement.
Environmental
Physical
Sociological
A child that enjoys learning at an specific physical environment like quiet spaces.
A learner that works effectively in collaborative activities and different social settings.
PERSONALITY STYLE
Tolerance of Ambiguity
High Tolerance
A students that is good at adapting to changes. For instance: Open to new ideas and activities.
Low Tolerance
A pupil that prefers to learn through traditional methods. For instance: A child that prefers to do activities in physical notebooks rather than doing them digitally.
Hemisphere Dominance
Right Hemisphere Dominance
A student that develops the activities using its creativity, holistic thinking, personality and intuition.
Left Hemisphere Dominance
A pupil that develops the activities with logic and critical thinking.
For instance: Drawing or playing an instrument.
For instance: solving puzzles, solving math problems or learning anew language.
References:
Furnham, A. (1992). Personality and learning style: A study of three instruments. Personality and individual differences, 13(4), 429-438.
Hatami, S. (2013). Learning styles. Elt Journal, 67(4), 488-490.
Parnrod, U., Runnapak, C., Khaonoona, S., & Intapan, M. (2017). Learning strategies by EFL students with different learning styles: implication for learning and teaching. In The 8th International Conference on Language, Education, and Innovation (pp. 4-9).
Rayner, S. G. (2001). Cognitive styles and learning styles. International Encyclopedia of Social & Behavioral Sciences. UK: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Sadler‐Smith, E. (1996). Learning styles: a holistic approach. Journal of European industrial training, 20(7), 29-36.
Tubić, T., & Hamiloğlu, K. (2009). Linking learning styles and teaching styles. In Becoming a teacher educator: Theory and practice for teacher educators (pp. 133-144). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.