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Case Report: Trypanosoma brucei Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis as…
Case Report: Trypanosoma brucei Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis as the Cause of Fever in an Inpatient with Multiple Myeloma and HIV-1 Coinfection
Sleeping Sickness
Symptoms
Second stage (meningoencephalitic stage): Invade the central nervous system in the second (inflamation of brain tissue)
According to CDC, Severe headache, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen limbloads and aching muscles and joints
*CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Vector
Tsetse Fly
Taxonomic Rank
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Glossinidae
Genus: Glossina
Species: Glossina palpalis gambiensis
Transmission
transmitted to humans by bites of tsetse flies (glossina) which have acquired the parasites from infected humans or animals (eg: cattle)
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1999-2022: estimated 60-70 million people in 36 sub-Saharan African countries are at risk of infection
Case Report used as trigger 
Why is this cases study is of significance for medical importance / in urgent need of action from relevant authorities?
Rare presentation
The case presents a rare occurrence of urban-acquired Trypanosoma brucei (T.b.) gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in a non-endemic country, Canada, which is uncommon and highlights the importance of considering such atypical diagnoses
Diagnostic Challenges
The case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing T.b. gambiense HAT in patients with underlying conditions such as multiple myeloma and HIV-1 coinfection. This sheds light on the complexities of diagnosing and treating such infections in immunocompromised individuals
Treatment Implications
The management of the patient's condition, including the use of pentamidine isethionate intravenously, provides valuable insights into the treatment of T.b. gambiense HAT in the context of concomitant multiple myeloma and HIV-1 coinfection
Research Implications
The case report contributes to the body of knowledge on T.b. gambiense HAT, especially in non-endemic settings, and provides a basis for further research and awareness regarding the diagnosis and management of this condition
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Study Area
Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
Boodman, C., Libman, M., Ndao, M., & Yansouni, C. P. (2019). Case Report: Trypanosoma brucei Gambiense Human African Trypanosomiasis as the Cause of Fever in an Inpatient with Multiple Myeloma and HIV-1 Coinfection. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101(1), 123–125. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.18-0889
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