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Plant Reproduction - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pollination: Pollination involves the transfer of pollen from the male part, the anther, to the female part, the stigma, of a flower.
        
        Fertilization: pollen containing male cells joins with an egg cell in the ovule, forming a zygote that develops into a seed, ensuring the plant's reproduction.
        After a pollen tube delivers male gametes to the ovule, the sperm cell fuses with the egg cell, initiating seed development.
        
        Seed Dispersal: Seeds naturally release from ripened fruits, aided by decay, while animal transport and environmental factors like wind contribute to their movement. This ensures seeds access optimal conditions–soil, sunlight, and nutrients–for successful germination and new plant development.
        
        Germination: Occurs after a seed emerges from its fruit and enters a favorable environment for sprouting. This final stage in sexual plant reproduction leads to the growth of a new plant, which forms its own male and female parts, initiating the next life cycle
- - - - Natural
        
        (Stolon) Runners:
        Above-ground stems that grow horizontally, producing roots and shoots at nodes, giving rise to new plants. Runners extend from the parent plant, establishing daughter plants at nodes that come in contact with the soil. (ex. strawberries, spider plants)
        
        Rhizomes:
        Underground stems that grow horizontally, sending out shoots and roots at nodes. (ex. ginfer, bamboo)
        
        Tubers: Enlarged, fleshy underground stems that store nutrients and can give rise to new plants. Tubers develop from the thickening of certain underground stems and produce new shoots.
        
        Bulbs:
        Underground storage structures that consist of a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases. Bulbs contain a developing plant and can give rise to new plants when separated. (ex. tulips, onions)
      - Artificial
        
        Cuttings:
        Plant parts (stems, leaves, roots) are cut and planted to produce new plants. Cuttings develop roots and shoots under suitable conditions, forming independent plants. (ex. rose and mint cuttings)
        
        Grafting:
        Joining a shoot (scion) of one plant onto the root system (rootstock) of another to create a new plant. Tissues of the scion and rootstock grow together, forming a grafted plant. (ex. apple trees and grapevines
        
        Layering:
        Encouraging roots to develop on a stem while it is still attached to the parent plant. A portion of the stem is bent to the ground, and covered with soil, and roots develop before being separated. (ex. black berry bushes and strawberry plants)
        
        Micropropagation (Tissue Culture):
        In vitro propagation of plants from small plant parts under sterile conditions. Small tissue samples (like meristem) are cultured on a nutrient medium to produce new plants. (ex. orchid and banana plant)