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Natural and Synthetic Rubber, Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE), Thermoset…
Natural and Synthetic Rubber
Natural rubber
What is Natural Rubber?
Natural rubber (cis-polyisoprene) does not have a straight chain but has a coiled structure. As a result of this, it gets elastic properties.
Natural rubber is derived from latex, a milky colloidal suspension found in the sap of rubber trees.
Natural Rubber Latex
The latex is modified for these reasons to have higher dry rubber content, DRC values (minimum 60 – 65 % of rubber).
Example: Foam rubber, gloves, condoms, glues
Modification methods: centrifugation, sedimentation, water evaporation thickening and electrodecantation.
During this modification process, dry rubber content is increased in latex and impurities and non-rubbery additives are removed from rubber.
Recovery Rubber from Latex
Natural rubber is commonly processed through coagulation, where an acid is added to the latex to separate the rubber particles.
The coagulum, which is a soft solid slab, is then squeezed through a series of rolls to remove most of the liquid. This process helps separate the rubber from the latex, allowing for the recovery of rubber in a usable form. The rubber is then dried and undergoes vulcanization,
Difference between Natural Rubber and Synthetic Rubber
Synthetic Rubber
What is Synthetic Rubber?
Synthetic rubber is produced through the polymerization of various monomers. It can be tailored to have specific properties such as resistance to heat, aging, and abrasion.
Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE)
Shoe soles, athletic footwear, automotive components such as fender extensions and corner panels, insulation coating for electrical wire, tubing for medical applications, conveyor belts, sheet and film stock.
Ability to stretch to moderate elongtions and return to its near original shape, creating a longer life and better physical range than other materials.
TPEs are processes like thermoplastic, but their applications are those of an elastromer.
No tires of TPE
That possessses the properties of a rubber.
Example of TPE: Thermolast, Hipex, Copec For Tec E, Santoprene, Termoton, Arnitel, Solprene, Engage, Hytrel, Dryflex, Mediprene, Kraton and Pibiflex.
Thermoset Rubber
Trans-polyisoprene
Explanation
The resulting rubber has an all-trans configuration, forming a highly regular zig-zag chain that can't be stretched, explaining its non-elasticity.
Synthetic rubber (trans-polyisoprene) is made through free radical polymerization of isoprene.
Neoprene
Explanation
Neoprene, a synthetic rubber produced by polymerizing chloroprene, was trademarked by DuPont and is now a generic term.
Known for high tensile strength, resilience, and resistance to oil, flame, oxygen, and ozone, Neoprene is limited by its high cost to special applications.
Common uses include manufacturing hoses, gaskets, shoe heels, stoppers, conveyor belts, printing rollers, and serving as an insulator.
SBS Rubber
Explanation
Poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene), or SBS, is a tough rubber used for shoe soles and tire treads, valued for its durability.
SBS gets its toughness from polystyrene, a hard plastic, and its rubbery properties from polybutadiene.
The clumping of polystyrene chains in SBS, joined by rubbery polybutadiene chains, allows the material to retain its shape after being stretched.
Nitrile Rubber (BUNA-N)
Explanation
BUNA-N is made by copolymerizing 1,3-Butadiene and acrylonitrile with a peroxide catalyst.
The name BUNA-N breaks down to Bu for 1,3-Butadiene, NA for Sodium, and N for acrylonitrile.
BUNA-N resists petrol, lubricating oils, and organic solvents.
It's commonly used for manufacturing oil seals, hoses, tank linings, and more.
Butyl Rubber (IIR)
Explanation
It finds use in various applications like rubber stoppers for medicine containers, chewing gum, tire inner tubes, speakers, roof sealants, insulating glass windows, and protective clothing such as gas masks.
Butyl rubber, made from about 98% isobutylene and 2% isoprene, boasts excellent impermeability and good flexibility.
IIR, or isobutylene isoprene rubber, is a copolymer of isobutylene and isoprene.
Vulcanisation process
Vulcanization, also known as curing or cross-linking, is one of the most important processes in rubber technology.
Vulcanization is a chemical process that enhances the properties of rubber by creating cross-links between polymer chains, resulting in improved elasticity, strength, and resistance to various environmental factors.
Difference between Vulcanized rubber and Natural rubber
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