Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Crime and Deviance - Media (flashcards done) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - media news is full of stories of crime and deviance - info about crime is packaged to entertain - Crimewatch
  - - - Ditton and Duffy x - 46% of media reports were about violent or sexual crimes, yet these only made up only 3% of all crimes recorded by the police.
      - Soothill and Walby x - newspaper reporting or rape cases increased from under 1/4 in 1951 to over 1/3 in 1985.
        
        also noted that coverage consistently focuses on identifying a 'sex fiend' or 'beast', often by use of labels such as 'the balaclava rapist'. This creates an image of serial attacks being committed by psychotic strangers (exception not the rule)
    - - Felson x - 'dramatic fallacy'
    - - Felson x - 'age fallacy'
    - - surveys show that the majority of people base their knowledge of the CJS and crime on the media rather then direct experience
      - the media constructing images of crime and justice which are opposite or backwards versions of reality (backwards laws)
      - Greer and Reiner 2012 x suggest this backwards law is shown by media, news and fiction by misrepresenting the reality of crime in the following ways:
        
        hugely over-representing and exaggerating sex, drug and serious violence related crimes and by under-representing the risk of the most common offence of property crime
        
        by portraying property crime as far more serious and violent than most recorded offences, which are fairly routine and trivial.
        
        by over-exaggerating police effectiveness in solving crimes
        
        by exaggerating the risks of becoming victims faced by higher-status white people, older people, women and children
        
        by emphasising individual incidents of crime rather than providing and understanding or analysis of crime patterns or the causes of crime
  - - - because it is shot in documentary style we believe that we are getting the truth - not a socially constructed narrative - edited together on the basis of human interaction
        
        Media can therefore create a fear of crime
        
        Schlesinger and Tumbler 1992 x - risk of becoming victims
        
        tabloid readers and heavy users of TV expressed greater fear of going out at night and of becoming victims.
        
        Felson x
        
        media presents victims as older, female and M/C, when in reality they are young, W/C and male
    - - media-saturation society, where we are immersed in a mediascape - images are everywhere - there becomes a blurring between what is real and what isn't
  - - - note that much of the research on the effects of crime ignores the meanings that the viewers give to media violence.
      - this reflects the interpretivist view that if we want to understand the possible effect of the media, we must look to what meaning people give to what they see and read.
- - - - Merton - strain theory - affects perceived opportunities and abilities, so subcultures are created as a response to the rise in anomie
    - - Tinder Windler on Natflix
  - - - "the mass media have disseminated a standardized image of lifestyle, particularly in areas of popular culture and recreation, which for those who are unemployed and surviving through benefits or are only able to obtain employment at very low wages has accentuated the sense of relative deprivation"
  - - - scale makes solving crime difficult - different jurisdictions
      - police are under resourced
      - problems of jurisdiction
      - given low priority
    - - cyber-trespass
      - cyber-violence
      - cyber-deception and theft
      - cyber-pornography
    - - police and state can monitor usage and activity
        
        Jewkes 2003 - ICT has allowed surveillance through CCTV, electronic databases, digit fingerprinting and smart identity cards
  - - - Schramm et al x - in relation to the effects of TV viewing on children: television can be harmful, beneficial or for most "neither particularly harmful nor particularly beneficial"
  - - - as a result, there is a blurring between reality and these images (no longer distinct and seperate)
      - the way the media represent crime and crime control, now actually constitutes or creates the thing initself.
- - - - the frequency of moral panics has increase: they are no longer noteworthy
    - - in the past moral panics would scapegoat a group and create 'folk devils'. Today there are many viewpoints and values in society
    - - because the concept of moral panic is well-known, some groups actually try to create one for their own benefit
    - - Because there is less certainty about what is unambiguously 'bad' today, moral panics are harder to start
    - - people are wary about starting moral panics as there is the possibility of it rebounding on them
        
        John Major's 'family values' campaign
  - - - this produced further marginalisation of the mods and rockers as deviants, and less and less tolerance of them.
      - the categorisation of the mods and rockers into 2 groups, led to more youths adopting their characteristics, fulfilling the increase in the spread of the disturbances