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Development through the stages - Coggle Diagram
Development through the stages
Birth + Infancy (0-2 years)
Physical Development
Gross Motor Skills
Climbs onto furniture (18 months)
Reflexes such as grasp (newborn)
Roll over (6 months)
Fine Motor Skills
Opens hands to grasp a finger (1 month)
Draws lines and circles (2)
Uses fingers + thumb to hold a small object (9-10 months)
Rapidly reaching approximately half their adult height by the time they are 2
Social Development
0-1 year
Plays alone
Puts things into mouth + touches things with hands
Solo play
12-18 months
Solo play
Begins to play + talk alone
Repeats actions
18 months - 2 years
Parallel play
Enjoys repetitive actions e.g. putting things in + taking them out of boxes
Learns to complete things through trial and error
Intellectual Development
Language Development
Able to babble and make noises such as ‘a’ and ‘ae’ (3 months)
Can shake their head ‘no’ and wave goodbye (12 months)
Completes sentences in familiar books (2)
Other Development
Recognise familiar people and objects even from a distance (3 months)
Can shake their head ‘no’ and wave goodbye (12 months)
Can sort shapes and colours (2)
Emotional Development
Attachment to parents/carers
Early Childhood (3-8 years)
Intellectual Development
Circle time
Group activities
Share stories + rhymes
Physical Development
Gross Motor Skills
Can catch a ball most of the time (4)
Perform dances to music (7)
Can use the toilet independently (5)
Fine Motor Skills
Can cut neatly around shapes (6)
Can draw realistic scenes (8)
Uses one hand consistantly for activities
Continue to grow at a steady pace
Social Development
3-4 years
Associate play
Start to show reasoning skills by asking questions
Pretend + fantasy games negotiating + taking on roles
6-8 years
Co-operative play
Enjoys playing in small groups
Enjoys playing in small groups
4-6 years
Co-operative play
Simple rules in games
Able to take turns in games
Emotional Development
Understanding self and others - an idea of self-concept
Adolescence (9-18 years)
Intellectual Development
Group projects
Plan + deliver presentations
Read a wide range of books + journals
Physical Development
Primary sexual characteristics (present at birth + develop during puberty)
Female
Uterus enlarges and vagina lengthens
Ovaries begin to release eggs (ovulation)
Menstrual cycle commences
Male
Enlargement of penis and testes
Spontaneous erections caused by blood flowing into chambers in the penis may happen
Testicles begin to produce spermatozoa (sperm), beginning of ejaculation
Secondary sexual characteristics (develop during puberty)
Female
Breasts develop and the areola (area around the nipple) swells and darkens
Hair grows in armpits and pubic area
Redistribution of body fat caused hips to widen
Male
Changes in larynx (Adam’s apple) causing voice to deepen
Hair grows in armpits and pubic area, facial hair
Redistribution of muscle tissue and fat
Experience growth spurts + puberty
Social Development
Spend less time with their families and may focus more on their peers
Emotional Development
Identity - finds a sense of self
Early Adulthood (19-45 years)
Intellectual Development
Develop logical thinking
Physical Development
19-28
Physical strength peaks
Peak reaction times
Full strength
Full height
Manual dexterity
28 +
Unnoticed unless uncompetitive sports
Loss strength
Loss speed
If unhealthy - worsen
Greater weight (fat)
Lack of exercise
Poor posture
Poor diet
Poor cardiovascular + muscle endurance
Perimenopause
40s – ovaries produce less oestrogen, do not produce an egg each month
Can go from a few months to 10 years
Perimenopause stage last until the menopause
Last an average of 4 years
Reduction in oestrogen causes physical / emotional symptoms:
Hot flushes
Breast tenderness
Fatigue
Irregular/heavy periods
Mood swings
Trouble sleeping
Urine leakage
Loss of libido (sex drive)
Young adults reach their peak of their physical fitness
Social Development
Ability to share intimacy, seeking to form relationships and find intimate love
Emotional Development
Intimacy - learn to cope with emotional attachment to a sexual partner
Middle Adulthood (46-65 years)
Intellectual Development
Perform better on cognitive tasks
Physical Development
Menopause
Reduction in oestrogen + progesterone – shrinking of sexual organs + loss of libido
Gradual ending of menstruation (periods)
Reduction of fertile eggs in ovaries
Osteoporosis – caused by reduction of hormones –oestrogen + progesterone
Increase in hormones called gonaclotropins (try to stimulate egg production) - hot flushed, night sweats and irritability
Mood swings which all effect quality of life
Depression
Anxiety
Sadness – not having children
Self-image
Self-esteem
Self-confidence
Ageing
Poor posture
Forgetful
Weak bladder
Grey hair
Wrinkles – loss of skin elasticity
Slower reaction time
Middle age spread – eating the same amount but are less active
Change in hormones
Loss of hair/thinning
Decreasing eye sight/hearing
Less understanding
Memory loss
Irritable
Ageing process begins with some loss of strength + stamina
Social Development
Helps look after grandchildren
Spend/money of self after retirement
Emotional Development
Intimacy - learn to cope with emotional attachment to a sexual partner
Later Adulthood (65+)
Intellectual Development
Process things more slowly
Find it hard to recall past events
Failing to recall info they once knew
Physical Development
Heart becomes susceptible to disease
Loss of height: by 80 on average people have lost 5cm of their height
Posture
Compression of the spinal discs + joints
Loss of mobility – gross motor movement
Loss of dexterity – fine movement
Loss or shrinkage of nerve cells = slowing of movement + responses
The ageing process continues with gradual loss of mobility + experience a loss of height up to a few centimetres
Social Development
May not see friends as often due to lack of mobility
Emotional Development
Making sense of your life - secure sense of self need to deal with physical changes of ageing