The anatomy and histology of salivary glands

various anatomical structures at the external surrounding of oral cavity/surface anatomy

Lips (labia oris): The lips form the outer boundary of the oral cavity. They are composed of soft, flexible tissue and are crucial for functions like speech, eating, and facial expression.

Philtrum: The philtrum is the vertical groove or depression in the midline of the upper lip. It is formed during fetal development and is a distinguishing feature of the human face.

Philtral Columns: These are the ridges on either side of the philtrum

Frenulum: The frenulum is a small fold of tissue that attaches the lips to the gums. There are two frenula in the oral cavity: the labial frenulum on the upper lip and the lingual frenulum underneath the tongue.

Modiolus: The modiolus is a small circular structure at the corner of the mouth, formed by the convergence of several facial muscles. It plays a crucial role in controlling facial expressions.

Mental Protuberance: The mental protuberance is the prominent part of the mandible that forms the chin. It's the most anterior part of the lower jaw.

Mental Tubercle: This is a small elevation on the external surface of the mandible (lower jaw) at the midline. It's located just below the lower lip.

Labial Tubercle: This is a small, prominent mound of tissue in the center of the upper lip, just below the nose. It's more noticeable in some individuals.

the two regions of the oral cavity with their borders and various anatomical structures in the two regions and around the oral cavity

the function, microscopic structure, and distribution, and structure of the tongue papillae

the anatomical structure of the tongue organ and the muscles that work on the tongue

Vestibule

Oral cavity proper

Tip/apex

The anterior and mobile region of the tongue

Body of tongue

Base of tongue

Pharyngeal/postsulcal section

The back of the tongue

Lingual septum

Median sulcus

Tongue muscle

Instrinsic

Extrinsic

Superior longitudinal muscle

Inferior longitudinal muscle

The transverse muscle

Vertical muscle

Genioglossus muscle

Styloglossus muscle

Hyoglossus muscle

Palatoglossus (Glossopharyngeal) muscle

structure

function

Filiform Papillae: The most numerous --> primarily responsible for mechanical stimulation; moving food particles during chewing and swallowing --> lack taste buds.

Fungiform Papillae: Scattered across the tongue --> contain taste buds --> involved in taste sensation.

Circumvallate Papillae: Located at the back of the tongue --> larger than fungiform papillae; house taste buds; involved in taste perception --> more sensitive to bitter tastes, which is thought to be a protective mechanism to detect potentially harmful substances

Foliate Papillae: Found on the sides of the tongue --> contain taste buds; involved in taste perception; more prominent in infancy and tend to decrease in size and prominence with age

Fungiform

Circumvallate

Filiform:

Foliate

the epithelium

keratinized epithelium

conical lips of papillae

connective tissue

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

taste buds

sulcus (the groove)

serous glands of von Ebner

non-keratinized epithelium

oral mucosa (specialized)

taste buds

intrinsic muscle of the tongue (skeletal muscle fibers)

serous glands of von Ebner

the microscopic structure of salivary glands

Myoepithelial cells

Intercalated ducts

The secretory acini

the classification and microscopic structure of oral mucosal

Masticatory

Lining mucosa

Specialized

the microscopic structure of the oral submucosal

It is a connective tissue that has various thickness.

Serves generally as attachment for lamina propria to the underlying bone or muscle

Submucosa contain glands adipose tissues : vascular, neural components, minor salivary glands and lymphoid tissue.

Submucosa is found in all the buccal cavity regions except the attached gingiva and the hard palate that covered by masticatory mucosa.

Ectopic sebaceous glands, known as Fordyce granules, may be found on the submucosa layer of the oral mucosa.