Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Flowers & Heredity - Coggle Diagram
Flowers & Heredity
Flowers
Structure
Perfect, Complete Flower (have all 4 Floral Appendages: Sepals, Petals, Stamens, Carpels)
Incomplete flowers lack atleast one Appendage
Pollination Syndromes
-
-
-
-
-
Myophily, Sapromyophily (Fly)
-
-
-
Origins
Ancestral Flower: Bisexual, Radially symmetric, Multiple whorls of petals, Androecium (2+ whorls of Anthers), Gynoecium (5+ Carpels)
-
Fruits
After double fertilization, primary endosperm nucleus divides, forming endosperm. Zygote develops in embryo. Integuments develop into seed coat. Ovary wall and related structures develop into fruit.
Fruit Formation: Ovary, sometimes with other portions of flower develops into a fruit. Ovary wall , the Pericarp contains the Exocarp, Mesocarp, and Endocarp.
Accessory Fruits: Any fruit with Accessory tissue, Tissue besides the Ovary is included in the fruit, Can be simple, aggregate, or multiple
Parthenocarpic Fruits: Fruit development without fertilization and without seed development. Ex. Banana and Watermelon
Simple Fruits: Single carpel, 2+ united carpels. Both Fleshy (Tomato, Cherry) and Dry (Dehiscent, Indehiscent)
Aggregate Fruits: Apocarpous gynoecium. Carpel retains its identity in mature states (Ex. Raspberry, Strawberry)
Multiple Fruits: Derived from Inflorescence, Combined Gynoecia of Many flowers (Ex. Mulberry, Pineapple)
Seed Dispersal
Self (Gravity, Exploding)
Wind (Wings, Parachutes, Lightweight Seeds)
Animal
Active; Provides animal with nutrients, Long distance dispersal
Passive (Hooks, Catch on fur, Catch on hoof, Velcro)
Water (Buoyant, Large Air Spaces
Seeds
Microgametophytes
Multicellular free, Antheridia, Flagellated Sperm, Pollen, Pollen tubes, Direct delivery of sperm to Megagametophyte. Reduced
Ovule Diversity
Gymnosperm
Megasporangium is Nutritious Tissue = Nucellus, Nested doll, Integument, Megaspore wall, Megasporangium, Archegonium, Eggs
Ex. Pine Ovule
Angiosperm
Two Integuments, Megasporangium = Nucellus, Megasporocyte reduced to one, Megaspore reduced to one and retained, Megagametophyte = Egg Sac, Furniculum
Ex. Lily Ovule
Steps to be a Seed
Heterospory: Megaspores (Megagametophyte), Microspores (Microgametophyte)
-
Origins
-
-
Enclosed Ovule: Complete enclosure of megasporangium within integument. Increased protection (Desiccation & Herbivory)
-
Innovations: Heterospory, Protection (Integuments), Pollen capture (Pollen chamber, Micropyle), Nucellus
-