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Week 1 - Exploring Psych - Revision - Coggle Diagram
Week 1 - Exploring Psych - Revision
5 Goals of Psychology
Predict
how people and animals will behave under certain conditions.
Influence
behavior through the control of its causes.
Understand
the causes of these behaviors.
Apply
psychological knowledge in ways that enhance human welfare.
Describe
how people and other species behave.
Mind Body Problem
Are the mind and body separate or connected?
Monism
The mind and body are the same,
the mind is not spiritually separate from the body.
Hobbs (1588-1679)
was a proponent of this theory.
The mind can thus be studied through by measuring physical
processes within the brain
.
Empiricism
All ideas and knowledge are
gained through the senses
.
Locke (1632-1704)
proponent of this perspective.
Also believed humans are a (
Tabula Rasa
- blank slate) and shaped by the environment entirely.
Favors observation over logic
as the latter has a lot of potential for error. A foundation of modern science - methods rooted in empirical observation.
Mind Body Dualism
The mind is a spiritual entity
not subject to physical laws that govern the body.
Descartes (1596-1650)
was a proponent of this theory.
Spirit travels outside the body, associated with religion, like a soul.
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
-
(1879)
- First experimental psychological labratory. :smiley:
Titchnener
- also influential within this perspective.
The analysis of the mind in terms of its basic elements.
Breaking behavior down into its
basic components/structures
.
Context
- What gave meaning to the ‘Core’ sensations.
Introspection
- looking within to study sensations (considered ‘the basic elements of consciousness’)
Core
- raw sensations (e.g perception of light sound)
Gave way to
functionalism.
..
Used introspection to
study the details of sensation.
Functionalism
William James
Psychology should study the
functions of conciousness
rather than its structure
Interested in the why?
And the function/benefit e.g why do we have hands and how do they help us adapt to our environment?
modern day offshoots
: cognitive and evolutionary psychology
Influenced by
Darwin's evolutionary Theory
.
Levels of Analysis Framework
Psychology feeds into A LOT of other subjects.
To simplify things we can use the levels of analysis when looking at a phenomena.
Psychological Level
- thoughts, feelings and motives
Environmental level
- past. and current physical and. social environments to which we are exposed.
Biological Level
- brain processes and genetic infuences
Psychodynamic Perspective
Searches for the causes of behavior within the inner workings of our personality
(our unique pattern of traits, emotions, and motives)
Emphasizing the role of
unconscious processes.
Psychoanalysis
: the analysis of internal and primarily unconscious psychological forces.
Based on
:
unconscious
motives and experiences in childhood govern personality and mental disorders
Repression
which is a
primary defense mechanism
protects us keeping unacceptable impulses in the unconscious, Creates
conflict between defenses and internal impulses.
Freud believed that humans have
strong inborn sexual and aggressive drives
that are punished in childhood making uss fearful and anxious of them.
Significant impact
Theories of persoanlity, motivattion, development
Capured the popular imagination, providing an acessible
Theraputic teqhniques in clinical and counselling psychology
Developed by
Freud
& co e.g
Melanie Klein
Sigmund Freud
(1856-1939) 😈 🥴
Pierre Janet (1859-1947)
- made the link between current events in a person's life and those in their past.
Melanie Klein (1882-1960)
- developed Freud's legacy.
Carl Jung (1875-1961)
Centered on
‘concepts’
Concept of
introversion and extroversion.
Believed in a build up of feelings in the subconscious that analysis could help identify. This ‘complex’ could account for an individuals odd and difficult to understand behavior.
Modern Psychodynamic Theory
Continue to explore how
unconscious & conscious aspects of personality influence behavior.
Biologically oriented psychologists have identified brain mechanisms that can
produce emotional reactions of which we are consciously unaware
. -
-Supports the concept that
behaviors can be triggered by non-conscious processes.
Focus on how
early family relationships, other social factors, and our sense of ‘self’ shape our personality.
Downplay
the role of hidden sexual and aggressive motives :smiley:
Object relations theories
- Focus on early relationships with caregivers shape the views that people form of themselves and others. (
Kernberg, 1984, 2000)
