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The Impact of Scottish Emigrants on the Empire - Coggle Diagram
The Impact of Scottish Emigrants on the Empire
Australia
Between 1830 and 1850 around 400000 Scots made the long journey to Australia.
Scots played a major role in Australia's farming industry. Many highland and Lowland Scots took their farming skills and either set up their own farms (sometimes with land grants) or worked on other farms
John MacArthur was a military officer from a Scottish family. He set up a farm in Australia and began to introduce flocks of sheep. The success of this venture meant he is considered as a main founder of Australia's sheep industry.
Scots also developed the alcohol industry. Robert McCracken from Ayrshire moved to Melbourne and started a beer brewing company, which became one of the biggest in the entire country.
James Harrison work made major impact in the economy and homes. Harrison moved to Australia to set up a printing company. However he ended developing machines which were used to make refrigerators.
Mining played a major role in attacking Scots to live and work in Australia.
Some Scots - using the skills they had gained in Scotland - worked in coal mining. Others were attracted by the potential riches that gold mining offered.
Scots also had a significant influence in banking.
Lesslie Duguid helped found the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney.
Ship and shipbuilding played a mahor role in Scottish emigrant lives.
Robert Campbell from Greenock opened Australia's first shipyard.
Scots helped found various famous brands. A Scottish emigrant's son set up MacRobertson's chocolate company, making products such as Freddos. Speedo was also founded.
Canada
Scots made a significant contribution to the Canadian economy by:
Working and bringing their skills
Setting up businesses
Helping build infrastructure
Became involved in mining, using current skills. Many of the scots worked in coal and copper mining. the main interest was gold however
Many Scots were attracted by the large and cheap land Canada had to offer
Spread of religion - Presbyterian churches were set up across the world, notably in Canada, NZ and Australia
Famous Scottish Canadians
John A Mcdonald was Canadas first prime minister of Canada
Andrew Carnegie moved to the US and set up a steel company
James Naysmith invented a steam hammer that was used in the iron industry
It is estimated that up to 50% of business leaders in Canada in the late 1880's were of Scottish origin.
Canada's timber trade had a Scottish influence. These businesses were set up by Scots, and others worked in the industry, cutting down and preparing logs. Others worked on the ships that transorted the wood to Europe.
The fur trade in Canada was dominated by the Hudson's Bay Company. This often violent trade involved many Scots, especially from around the Orkney area.
Scots also played a major role in Canada's financial industry. A prominent example of this included George Stephen, president of the Bank of Montreal.
Canadian music and literature has been influenced by Scottish emigration.
Alexander McLachalan wa born in Johnstone in Scotland and later moved to Canada. He earned the nickname of being the "Canadian Robert Burns" due to the major influence he had on literature in Canada through his poetry.
Scots brought spoting activities such as the Highland Games, continuing scottish tradition
New Zealand
Gold mining was a major reason for Scottish emigration into NZ. Discoveries of gold in the Otago area in the mid 1800's attracted a load of Scots to make a fortune off it.
There were numerous businesses set up by Scots in New Zealand, making them money and also creating jobs for others. This included the Union Steamship Company that was funded with investments from Scots such as Peter Denny.
Other Scots were heavily involved in New Zealand's paper making industry, either through logging or paper production.
The National Bank of New Zealand was set up in 1872 with an emigrant Scot (Alexander Kerr) as it's first branch manager. In 1843 William Brown also set up newspaper called the 'Southern Herald'
Some Scots who made the journey to NZ did so as missionaries trying to spread the word of God. This involved them trying to convert native people, but also setting churches across New Zealand's islands
Many of these Scots were presbyterian, and the churches they opened allowed Scots to contnue practice their faith.
However many Maoris did not change their religion and were angry at Scots' dismissal of their beliefs.
Peter Fraser, New Zealand's Prime Minister from 1940 -1949 was born in Easter Ross in the Highlands
In addition Robert Stout was PM twice in New Zealand in the late 1800s. He was born in shetland islands.
Scotland also introduced sports into NZ such as the Highland Games. Other Scots also played golf, curling and shinty.
Scotland also helped form a well known rugby team - The Highlanders
Scottish farms being set up across NZ had a major effect on the environment, resulting in mass clearances of trees to create suitable land.
Between 1880 and 1915 , around one quatre of all UK emigrants living in NZ came from Scotland
India
The Scots had a significant economic impact on India.Some moved there for work, but more became traders, buying and selling Indian produce
The Scots built links with India over a number of years through trade. Many Scots travelled to India to buy products such as jute and tea.
This eventually led to the creation of a business that became hugely powerful in India - the East India Company. This company started to support trade between India and Britain, but it soon grew so powerful that it ruled India.
Henry Dundas led the company in the late 1700's and other Scottish invovlement included Scots making one of nine civil servants
Thomas Lipton, a glasgow businessman set up a tea company (Lipton well known today) selling his product through Europe
Scottish banks played a major role in developing the Indian economy. Financial companies based in Scotland loaned huge amount of money to allow investment in India, including in railway development and also farming.
Jute mills in Dundee were the biggest in the world, using jute grown in India.
The first three Govenor Generals (Viceroys) of India were all Scottish.
In addition many Scots were part of the Indian Civil service, overseeing the running of transport and legal systems.
Scottish missionaries set up churches across India. This was too try convert Indian locals, but also to allow Scottish emigrants to continue praticing their faith. Examples of this include presbyterian churches in Sohra.
In 1850 there were 400 British missionaries in India, representing 25 different churches.
However other Indians who were from different faiths - including Muslims and Hindus - were offended at attempts to change beliefs.
Many Scots such as Alexander Duff, went to India as a missionary to spread the word of god. They established churches across the country, and converted many Indians, suggesting elements of positive relationship.
A great many Indians resented Scottish and British presence in their country.
British actions in setting up a government from india, taking control of the country, led to anger from indian nationalists who wanted independence
Some British actions in India improved the status of Indian Women. This not only included the outlawing of suttee, but also letting women get an education, and also banning the practice of child marriage (girls then had to be 14 or older).
Other British actions were not especially beneficial to Indian Women. The British Army set up chaklas, which were brothels to be only used by British soldiers. Many women worked in these places because they came from poor backgrounds.