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Growth Hormone, Pituitary Gland, Growth Hormone Excess, by (, ) - Coggle…

- - - - Hypothalamic dysfunction
        
        Secretion of inactive growth hormone
        
        Failure to form somatomedins
        
        Receptor deficiency
  - - - other causes
        
        Chromosomal Abnormalities
        
        Genetics
        
        Endocrine Disorders
        
        Malnutrition
        
        Chronic Disorders
      - Investigations
        
        Nutritional assessment
        
        Levels of serum growth hormones
        
        Insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in blood serum
        
        Complete blood count & Sedimentation rate
        
        Serum electrolytes
        
        Karyotype
        
        X-rays
- - - - What hormones are released ?
        
        Overview of Hormones
        
        Hormone regulation
- - - - Sella Turcica of the sphenoid bone.
      - Divisions
        
        Anterior lobe /Adenohypophysis:
        
        Pars distalis/anterior: True gland--Contains endocrine cells – Secretes hormones
        
        Pars intermedia: Colloid filled cysts and cells that secrete melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
        
        Pars tuberalis: Surrounds the median eminence and infundibular stem of neurohypophysis and contains portal venules of the hypophyseal portal system
        
        Posterior lobe/Neurohyphophysis
        
        Pars Nervosa
        
        Infundibular stem
        
        Median Eminence
        
        Relations
        
        Superiorly: Diaphragma sellae
        
        it is
        
        Dura matter that separates pituitary from hypothalamus.
        
        Anterio-superiorly: Optic chiasm (reason for visual symptoms because of pituitary growth)
        
        Posteriorly: Dorsum selle, basilar artery and Pons. Mammillary bodies.
        
        Laterally: Cavernous sinuses and its contents
- - - - Distalis
      - Intermedia
        
        Separated from the pars distalis by the hypophyseal cleft.
        
        Contains colloid filled vesicles which are– remnants of Rathke’s pouch.
      - Tuberalis
        
        Contains cords of epithelial cells and is filled with hypophyseal portal vessels.
    - - Pars Nervosa
        
        Largely unmyelinated axons
        
        Abundant capillaries
        
        Glial cells /Pituicytes
        
        Herring Bodies