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Azucena Soto, period 5, Muscular System, Screenshot 2023-11-12 9.22.14 PM,…

- - - - Stabilize joints
        
        4.Generate heat as the muscle contracts
        
        5.Protect inner organs
- - - - Endomysium: Fine areolar CT, surrounding each muscle fiber
- - - - After neck/ upper chest:
        -Deltoid=shoulder
        -pectoralis major
        posterior view:
        infraspinatus= next to trapezius to its right is Teres minor and teres major, to its left is the rhomboid major
        
        Arms: Brachialis, biceps brachii, pronator teres ot the side, brachiordalis in the forearm and to the opposite side of it is in the flexor carpi radialis , then the palamaris longus and closest to the midline is the flexor carpiulnaris
        posterior view: There is the extensor carpi radialis under brachiordialis
        , then the extensorcarpi ulinaris, then extensor digitorum and lastly the flexor carpulnaris
        
        Anterior view of abdomen: Middle/ abs is the rectus abdominis, the outside are the external obliques, and the back is the latissimus dorsi.
        
        Femur: Towards inside is the Sartorius, adductor longus and gracilis, then moving down is the vastus medialis, rectus femoris and goign more out is the iliotibial band and the vastus lateralis
        Going down more to the calves is the soleus, to the inside then the gastrocenemius. Towards the outside is the tibialis interior, extensor digitorum longus , fibularis longus and brevis.
        
        Posteriorly is the gluteus maximus and medius; Anteriorly is the lliopsoas, tensor fascicle, and pectinus
        Going down posteriorly is the semitendinosus is towards the middle of the body, then is the biceps femoris and towards the top is the adductor magnus as well as the gracilius and semimembranosus which do towards the middle. The calf, gastrocnemius is also found as well as fibularis longus and soleus and the calcaneal tendon.
- - - - Smooth: Location: Unity/ whole / oneness muscle in walls of hollow/ deep organs, other than heart, multi unit in intrinsic eye muscles, airways and arteries.
        Cell shape and appearance: single, spindle shaped, uninucleated,no striations.
- - - - Repolarization : restoration of resting
        
        – 𝑁𝑎 + voltage-gated channels close, and voltage-gated 𝐾 + channel= open
        – 𝐾 + flows out of cell quickly=now brings cell back to initial resting membrane
        – Refractory period: muscle fiber cannot be stimulated for a specific amount of
        time, until repolarization is complete (does not undergo that change)
        – conditions of resting state are restored by 𝑁𝑎 + −𝐾 +
        -𝑁𝑎 + that came into cell is pumped back out, and 𝐾 + that flowed outside is
        pumped back into cell
- - - - Myasthenia Gravis: neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters
        Causes and risk factors; Autoimmune, age, more common in women
        Symptoms: Muscle weakness, facial paralysis, drooping eyelids
        Treatment options: Thymectomy, medications, NO known cure
        The psychiatric disorder mostly associated with is+ Anxiety disorder.
    - - Myositis: Inflammation of the muscles
        Causes and risk factors: Autoimmune, medication induced, muscle trauma
        Symptoms: Swelling, fatigue, rash
        Treatment options: Medication, antibiotics, reduce inflammation
        Most common type= Polymyositis