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Meckel's Diverticulum - Coggle Diagram
Meckel's Diverticulum
Meckel's diverticulum is the most common of the omphalomesenteric duct anomalies encountered in clinical practice.
Etiology
The omphalomesenteric (or vitellointestinal) duct is an embryonic communication between the primitive yolk sac and the developing midgut.
By the 10th week of early fetal development, when the midgut returns to the abdominal cavity, the omphalomesenteric duct becomes a thin fibrous band, which undergoes resorption.
Patency of the intestinal segment of the duct with a fibrous obliteration of the distal tract at the umbilicus results in Meckel's diverticulum.
Incidence
The "rule of 2":
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2 inches long, 2 cm in diameter
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Complication
Most cases are asymptomatic, but complications may include:
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Diverticulitis: Manifests as abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting.
Neoplasia: Found in 0.5% to 4% of Meckel's diverticula, with carcinoid being the most common tumor.
Investigation
Technetium-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy (Meckel scan): Relies on the fact that most bleeding Meckel's diverticula contain ectopic gastric mucosa.
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