1. N. is belonging to a certain class. Какой-нибудь, какой-то, один некий.
   she has a watch of her own

2. Predicative n. Object denoted by the n. belongs
   to certain class.
   Miss Sharp's father was an artist

3. n. ia used in a general case. Meaning "every"
   A drowning man catches at a straw

4. Meaning of "one"
   A stitch in time saves nine
   a) n. denoting time, measure, weight
   A week or two passed.
   b) The numerals hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score.
   He seems to have half a dozen languages at his finger-tips.

1. N. denotes an object which the speaker singles out.
   a) Speakers know what particular object is meant.
   b) The speaker uses an attribute pointing out a particular object.
   c) The situation itself makes the object definite. This or that - этот.

2. Unic things (The sun, the moon, the universe) or a class
   But with certain aspect in which the moon (etc) appears to us we use a/an

3. Generic sense.
   Man is used woth no article
   woman is used with "the" article

A particularizing attribute "тот, который, именно тот, этот".
He knocked at the door of a very neat house.

A descriptive attribute (describe an object, give additional information).
In a fortnight I got a long letter, which I considered odd.

Zero: General sense, certain material.
Honey ia a wholesome

N. of material: a definite part of the substance is meant.
The meat was good and White Fang was hungry

Some: An indefinite part is meant.
We took some bread and cheese with us.

Abstract n. General case -> zero article.
While there is life there is hope.

Abstract n: modified by a particularizing attribute or situation is definite.
He was the courage and force of his father.

Abstract n. denotes a certain kind (оттенок) of a quality, feeling, state, etc. !descriptive attribute.
How clever you are, Mr. Hopper. You have a cleverness quite of your own.

1. ! A period, population, distance, height, salary etc. Of+numeral+noun.
   Simpson was out of the city for a period of ten days.
2. A cold May.

1. Names of people.
   Sarie looked at Lenny.
2. N. denoting military ranks, titles (academician, professor, doctor, count, lord etc.)
   Colonel Brown.

1. Names denoting the whole family.
   The Dashwoods were now settled at Berton.
2. Names modified by a particularizing attribute.
   You're not the Andrew Manson I married.
3. N. denoting professions.
   The painter Gainsborough.

Proper names:

1. Names are used to denote a representative of a family.
   Florence will never be a Dombey.
2. Names modified by the adjective certain.
   I heard it from a certain Mr. Brown.
3. Modified by the adjective certain.
   I heard it from a certain Mr. Brown.

3. N. expressing relationship.
   Aunt Polly.
4. N. Expressing relationship between members of family.
   BUT If other people's relations are meant -> The.
   The son as clever as the father.
5. With old, young, poor, dear, lazy, little, honest.
   BUT When modified by other adjectives and participles of people -> the.
   The astonished Tom could not say a word.

Geographical names:

1. (continents, countries, states etc. islands, cities, towns etc. mountains) England, France, Moscow, London; North America, Latin America, central Asia.
2. If there is a word Lake.
   Lake Ontario, but the Ontario.
3. with mountain peaks.
4. Single islands.
5. Streets and squares. ! The High Street, the Strands, the Mall.

1. Republic, union, kingdom, states.
2. G.n. modified by a particularizing attribute.
3. Names of oceans, seas, rivers.
4. Names of mountain chains.
5. Names of group of islands.
6. Towns, countries, provinces.
   

1. Hotels, restaurant/pubs, theatres, cinemas, museums/galleries, ships, newspapers, magazines.
2. Cardinal points: the North..
3. Days and month are modified by a particularizing attribute.
4. A n. Modified be a proper n. in the common case.
   Last summer I visited the Tretyakov Gallery.