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Introduction to Immune System (II) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - antibody affinity: quantitative measure of binding strength between antigen & antibody
      - requires good fit between antibody and antigen (lock & key)
    - - antibody response (B-cell mediated)
        
        process
        
        antibodies secreted by B cells circulate in bloodsteam
        
        possesses long-ranged effects
        
        antibodies bind specifically to foreign pathogens found
        
        limited to viruses found outside cells only
        
        outcome
        
        inability of pathogen to bind to host cells
        
        marks pathogens for destruction by innate immunity cells
      - T cell mediated response
        
        activated T cells react against foreign antigen presented to them on surface of antigen presenting cell
        
        cell-mediated immunity
        
        carried out via antigen presentation
        
        Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Protein presents intracellular peptides to T cells
        
        dendritic cells presented on cell surface via MHC, can also act as APC to T cells
        
        acts as link btw innate and adaptive immunity
        
        captures antigens in tissue
        
        types of T cells
        
        cytotoxic (CD8+)
        
        directly kills pathogens (needs to be in physical contact)
        
        helper (CD4+)
        
        secretes cytokines & expression of co-stimulatory proteins that help to activate macrophages + cytotoxic T cells
        
        cytokines: involved in induction & regulation of cellular interactions
        
        short-ranged effects
        
        long-ranged effects
        
        stimulates B cells to produce antibodies against antigens
        
        HIV infects helper T cells
        
        structure of T cell
        
        antibody-like heterodimers
  - - - only B cells with non-self antibodies survive (non self-reactive)
  - - - periphery lymphoid organs contains lymphocytes at 3 stages of maturation
        
        1) naïve cells
        
        some will be stimulated to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells upon first encounter with antigen
        
        some differentiate into memory cells
        
        2) Effector cells
        
        mounts immunological response
        
        antibody production
        
        cell-killing
        
        3) Memory cells
        
        do not mount response but remains alive for long time