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How is injury rehabilitation managed? - Coggle Diagram
How is injury rehabilitation managed?
Sub point 1: Rehabilitation procedures- This is used by spots physiotherapists, physiotherapists in the care and rehabilitation of athletes and their injuries, this physicians also need to make sure the athlete doesn't loose all of their fitness through the reversibility effect , these allows the athlete to monitored as they return to play gradually when they are ready.
Progressive mobilisation
WHY: This is a gradual increase in pain free joint range of motion to help improve muscle fibre and joint mobility and strength. the use of ice and compression should be applied to limit scar tissue development.
OVERALL: This process is done after the RICER procedure ( Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation and Referral) and should be done as soon as possible in order to limit muscle stiffness.
HOW: This can include Dynamic, static and PNF stretching in order to slowly gain movement and strength in the area but doesn't include Ballistic stretching as this can cause pain and further damage to the injured area
Graduated exercise
OVERALL:A gradual increase in the intensity of exercise, range of motion intensity and range of motion relevant for sport and the pressure going through the injured area. This helps the athlete to return to play as pain free as possible.
There are 3 stages: Stretching, Conditioning and Total body fitness
Stretching: This is vital to a muscle or tendon injury as there will be high tention in this area, it is important to strengthen these areas through static stretching this can be done 72 hours after a small injury has occurred but after a significant injury has occurred ( such as a grade 2-3 break or tear needing surgery) can be done up to 4 weeks after.
Conditioning: This should be done isometrically and gradually as the athlete works to regain muscle strength, balance and length this decreases the risk of muscle atrophy.
OVERALL:Total body fitness: Doing this helps to improve recovery and ensures the athlete can return to the sport at the same level of fitness pre injury. This relates to both health and the skill related components of the sport to make sure that no weakness is present in the injured area or in the body when the athlete returns to play. This further aims to strengthen the muscles and tendon around the area, decrease the risk of reversibility ,increase joint mobility, increase the confidence in the movement by the athlete and to increase the blood flow to the area, if this isn't done reversibility may occur.
Training
OVERALL: The athlete needs to have regained strength, confidence , fitness and flexibility only then can modified and supervised training can occur, this needs to be done progressively in order to minimise the risk of re injury. the athlete during this time should be pain free.
Use of heat and cold
Heat is used after 48-72 hours to increase blood flow and movement to the area.
Cold is used to decrease blood flow and decreases the inflammation to the area to the area and is used in the first 24-48 hors of the injury occurring
Sub point 2: Return to play
Indicators of ready to play
OVERALL: The athlete needs to be comfortable in performing the normal skills for the sport at full capacity with out protecting the area as this can increase the chance of further injury
HOW: Pain free: indicates that the athlete is ready to return as they are comfortable performing skills with no discomfort.
HOW: Degree of mobility: A second indicator and sign which can determine if the athlete is ready to return back to sport, this references the amount of mobility the athlete has in the area with out any pain
Monitoring progress
OVERALL: To compare the athlete to the levels of testing they were at before injury occurred this includes components especially involved in the sport the test should be done with as much effort and should be pain free to obtain the best results
Phycological readiness
HOW: The athlete needs to be comfortable in their sport in order to return this includes completing all skills at full ability. An athlete shouldn't return until they have recovered fully physically and mentally. An athlete returning whilst they aren't confident can cause them to protect the injured area not allowing it to recover correctly and the athlete is at further risk of injuring it due to poor technique being used.
OVERALL: This needs to be continually assessed by a coach, physiotherapist or phycologist, some coaches can help to improve confidence in the player once returning and working one on one with the player.
Specific warm up procedures
OVERALL: This is done to the injured site in order to lower the chance of re injury
Return to play procedures and policies
OVERALL: Dependant on the type of injury, the decision is made with the help of a physiotherapists and coaches- they must follow the policies and procedures to have the athletes wellbeing and safety at best intrest
EXAMPLES: - review of all x-rays, scans and medical reports, consultation with a medical professional, a fitness assessment
Ethical considerations
pressure to participate
internal pressure
Comes from the athlete themselves
external pressures
Coaches, team mates, parents, fans and friends
Pain killers
Causes further injury to the body as athlete cant feel pain so they continue to damage the area, some pain killers may be used anyway in high level games.
Ethical considerations lie around whose decision it is for the athlete to take the pain killer and who administers it
pain killers, have more pressure to be used in an individual sport than a team sport as in a team a person can be replaced, but an individual cant be replaced, in an individual sport