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GCSE PE - Coggle Diagram
GCSE PE
Musculoskeletal System :skull:
Roles of the Skeletal System
Support
- Without the skeleton the body would be flabby and shapeless. eg. the bones of the legs support the body
Blood Production
- Red and White blood cells are made in red blood marrow. eg found at the ends of the femur, humerus, ribs, sternum,etc
Structural Shape and Points of Attachment
- The skeleton gives us a general shape such as height and build. eg. taller people have long leg bones and larger vertebrae.
Protection
- The hard nature of bones mean that they can protect the more delicate/vital organs of the body. eg.cranium protects the brain
Movement
- The skeleton is jointed to allow us to move when the muscles attached to them contract. eg. The long bones in the arms and legs work as levers to allow certain movements
Mineral Storage
- These help the body to grow and function properly. eg.
Phosphorus
~ is a key component to cell membranes and walls.
Calcium
~ Helps teeth and bones stay strong.
Types of Joints
Hinge
- Lets a person bend (flexion) and straighten (extension) eg. the elbow, made up of the humerus, radius and ulna.
This can be used when taking a shot in basketball
.
Plantar and Dorsiflexion
- Used in ballet, the movement of the flexion of the feet.
Dorsiflexion
- Point up towards the ankle.
Plantar-flexion
- Point Down
Synovial Joint
Ball and Socket
-
Types of Connective Tissue
Tendons
- Connect Muscle to Bone
Ligaments
- Connect Bone to Bone, Provide strength and help to stop the joint from moving too much preventing dislocations.
Types of Bones
Long Bones- These are bones that are long and affect our overall height. They support weight and help perform gross movements. eg. the humerus and femur
Short Bones - These are smaller and are often found with many other short bones.The enable controlled and finer movements. eg. the carpals and the tarsals
Flat Bones - These are flat and often found forming a protective surface of vital organs. eg. the cranium protecting the brain and the ribs protecting the lungs.
Irregular Bones - These are irregular in shape and have specific functions. eg. the vertebrae (spinal cord)
Types of Movement
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Rotation
Plantar Flexioun
Dorsi Flexion
Synovial Joints
Cartilage
- Smooth tissue that acts as a protective layer that covers the end each bone to stop them for rubbing
Joint Capsule
- Very tough and fibrous, lined with synovial membrane.
Synovial Membrane
- produces an oily substance ~
Synovial Fluid
keeps the joint well lubricated to prevent friction of joints.
Bursae
- Small bags of synovial fluid that helps reduce synovial fluid of a joint. They cushion the joint from any external impacts, stopping the bones from coming together.
Fitness Testing
Why would an athlete or coach use fitness tests?
To
monitor
Improvements
To
compare
against other athletes (selection)
To increase
motivation
To find
Strengths
and
Weaknesses
To find there starting fitness levels
Goal Setting
To create
training programs
- provide variety
Sit and Reach test
Illinois Agility Test
Ruler Drop Test
Multistage fitness test
Hand grip dynanometer
Vertical Jump Test
Alternate Ball Toss Test
Sit up bleep test
Standing Stork Test
One rep max
Limitations of Fitness Testing
Can cause Demotivation
Not sport specific
Don't always replicate the movements of activities
Fitness Components
Balance -
Power -
Co ordination -
Muscular Endurance -
Cardiovascular Endurance -
Muscular Strength -
Reaction Time -
Flexibility -
Speed -
Data
Quantitative - A measurement which has been quantified as a number. No opinion express it is fact.
100m ran in 9.3 seconds
Scored 3 goals in 5 games
Statistics
More Precise
Easier to compare
Qualitative - A measurement of opinion. An opinion based approval
Scoring in Gymnastics
How good is this player?
Less precise
Deciding a winner of a round in boxing
Methods of Training
Continuous
Circuit
Plyometric
Weight
Static Stretching
Interval
Fartlek