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Medications in surgery - Coggle Diagram

- - - - No rapid correction of hyponatremia
      - Hypertonic 3% saline
    - - Enough amounts of normal saline ( sodiume chloride 9%) or Ringer latate
  - - - Diazepam reduce the needed dose of barbiturates
      - Ms relaxant e' mechanical ventilation is alternative
    - - Tracheostomy
      - or mechanical ventilation
    - - to kill CL. & PREVENT FURTHER TOXINS
    - - Dark, quiet rrom, no sudden stimuli, no unnecessary movements
      - Nasogastric nutrition
  - - - Low risk : 0.5 ml toxoid initially then every 4 weeks
      - High risk: 0.5 ml IM toxoid + 250 units IM TIG + Abs
  - - - Penicillin group
    - - Penicillin group IV
    - - Abs against staph.
    - - Penicillin 20-40 million units/day IV + gentamycin 5mg/kg/day or amikacin 15mg/kg/day
    - - Penicillin 20-40 million units/day IV
      - Penicillin allergy >>> clindamycin or metronidazole
      - Hyperbaric O2 may be used
    - - Chemothrapy : INH, rifampcin, pyrazinamide and ethambutul ( at least 2 drugs, at least 9 months)
      - Improve general condition
      - Local management
    - - In oral inf. >> oral non-absorbable antifungula as nystatin
      - In severe infection >>> systemic antifungal therapy amphotericin B, 5 fluorocystosine & fluconazole