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Introducing English Semantics Group 4, References: Kreidler, C. (2002)…
Introducing English Semantics Group 4
1.3 Language and the individual
Phonology
How speech sounds are organized
Pat /p/ vs Bat /b/ changes the meaning
Syntax
The description o sometimes called parts of the speech
Example
The cat chased the dog. (active)
The dog was chased by the cat
Grammar
The implicit knowledge that a speaker has
The explicit description and explanation of it by the linguist.
Morphology
Walked. "ed" indicate past tense.
Knowledge of word formation.
Dogs. "s" indicate plural.
1.4 Demostrating semantic language
1. Recognition of sense
Speakers differentiate between what is meaningful and what isn’t in their language.
2. Equivalence and paraphrase
Ability to identify when two sentences have equivalent meanings or are paraphrases.
3. Synonyms and Antonyms
Identification of words with similar or opposite meanings in a given context.
Contradiction
Recognition of contradictory meanings between sentences
Antonymy
Ability to recognize opposing words in a specific context.
1.2.The nature of language
Humans alone are able to talk about many things
Human mind deals easily and frequently with what does not exis
humans have a language to produce and understand ideas
Human language is stimulus-free
feature of arbitrariness
Human utterances
The productivity of language
express and capable of changing
every known language is complex
All animals have some system for communicating
They can communicate with stimulus
No animal can tell about experiences
1.1.The study of meaning
Semantics is the systematic study of meaning
Three disciplines are concerned
Philosophy
how individual humans learn
Linguistics
understand how language works
Psychology
how we know and how any particular fact
We wonder about the meaning of a new word
linguistic semantics is the study of how languages organize
express meaning
References: Kreidler, C. (2002) Introducing English Semantics. Taylor & Francis e-Library.
(
https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/English_Semantics_Kreidler.pdf
)
