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Soils - Coggle Diagram
Soils
Soil being made
Humus
Made of dead organisms
Dark brown in colour
4% of soil
Air
Fills pores in soil
25% of soil
Water
25% of soil
Living organisms
Mixes Humus
1% of soil
Mineral matter
Clay, silt
45% of soil
Desertification
Death of soil
E.g Sahel region
Caused by bad farming practices
Monoculture
Growing the same crop every year in the same field
Lack of water
Prevented by bad farming practices
Ploughing
Turning soil upside down
Brings good nutrients to the top
Crop rotation
Crop rotation
Rotation of crops
Fields left barren occasionally
A,B,C horizons
Leeching
Nutrients washed down to lower parts of soil
Hard pan
Causes waterlogging
A horizon
Most fertile
Brown Earth soil
Most common in Ireland
Mostly in east Ireland
Unused
Mostly in lowland areas
Made in deciduous foresr
Rich in Humus
C horizon is rocky
Infertile
Types of soil
Brown Earth soil
Brown Earth soil
Most common in Ireland
Mostly in east Ireland
Unused
Mostly in lowland areas
Made in deciduous forest
Rich in Humus
Podzol
Coniferous forests
Upland and lowland areas
Cold wet and poorly drained
Very small amounts of humus
Pine needles
Heavy rainfall causes leeching and hardpan
Relatively infertile
Can be improved with fertiliser