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Urban Commons - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It raises new challenges related to data ownership, privacy, and the digital divide.
        
        The public plays a key role as a stakeholder in promoting and maintaining these shared resources in the smart city.
      - Therefore, realizing the “Right to the Smart City” requires not only the reappropriation of physical space but also equitable access to and control over digital platforms and data.
      - Examples:
        A. Google owned app Waze collects data from its users to improve the experience
        B. High speed internet in Chattanooga, the 'Gig City'
        C. Open Wireless Network (OWN) in downtown London
  - - - Re-appropriation can be seen as a practical application of Harvey’s concept, as it involves citizens exercising their collective power to reshape urban spaces
- - - - This aligns with Harvey’s “Right to the City” as it involves citizens collectively managing shared resources.
        
        Two traits of the urban:
        A. The urban is saturated with fewer resources in a small space with a high-density population
        B. Urban spaces are places that bring strangers together and even hold the potential for conflict
        
        Reclaiming the commons:
        A. It is complicated due to saturated space and commoners who are strangers
        B. Reclaiming a commons in an urban space typically requires working with strangers
        C. Once a commons has been reclaimed from a capitalist urban landscape, its continued existence is continually threatened.
- - - - Excludability means that producers can prevent some people from consuming the good or service based on their ability or willingness to pay
        
        Rivalrous indicates that one person's consumption of a product reduces the amount available for consumption by another
- - - - Effective pandemic management requires community participation and decentralized management.
        
        Cities like Panaji, Goa, faced administrative collapse due to centralized systems, leading to an ignored public health sector and mismanaged local governance
        
        In contrast, Kerala’s decentralized approach proved successful. Its robust healthcare system, participatory governance, and proactive state intervention helped manage the pandemic effectively. Social mobilization also played a key role, with women’s self-help groups providing meals, forming WhatsApp groups for safety awareness, and more.
        
        Similarly, Bhubaneswar demonstrated effective decentralized management by collaborating with tech activists and local grocery stores for doorstep deliveries to vulnerable populations..
        
        The Area-Based Development(ABD) scheme leads to the displacement of low-income communities to the peripheries through forced evictions and land-grabbing. This pattern has been observed in cities like Delhi, Indore, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar,
        
        Spatial exclusion in informal settlements and slums led to mismanaged COVID-19 responses. The risk of spread was higher in urban areas, especially slums, due to poor hygiene and infrastructure.
        
        Limited access to health amenities complicated pandemic management in these areas.
        
        For instance, in Bengaluru’s DJ Halli slum, every reported COVID-19 case corresponded to 195 undetected cases.
        
        India, despite being the second-largest internet user base, faces challenges. Half of India lacks internet access, and only 20% can use digital services due to poor socioeconomic capital.
        
        App services deepened the digital divide, affecting marginalized communities
        
        The digital divide impacted the economy and education, with only a fraction affording internet services, leading to job losses.
        
        Meaningful ICT usage has fostered ‘Chatur citizenry’, a street-smart, resourceful community. Examples include Kochi volunteers and Kerala’s women-led who use WhatsApp for information sharing, combating misinformation, and tracking outbreaks. They utilized their physical and digital resources to make functional contributions by participating in the pseudo-digital domain.