Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Dysuria, M.Satria Perdana Pardamean, image, image, image, image, image -…
Dysuria
Definition of Dysuria
Dysuria is defined as a sensation of pain or burning, stinging, or itching in the urethra or urethral meatus associated with urination. This condition is very common for most people to experience at least once in their lifetime. Dysuria usually occurs when urine comes into contact with the inflamed or irritated mucosal lining of the urethra.
The causes of dysuria can generally be divided into two categories, namely infection and non-infection. Infectious causes include urinary tract infections or urethritis
Education
Prognosis=The prognosis for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) is very good. Patients who undergo antibiotic treatment appropriately and quickly generally recover completely. However, complicated UTIs, such as pyelonephritis, which are not treated immediately can cause serious complications. Education = UTI patients are generally educated to avoid risk factors to prevent recurrent UTIs. The following is some education that can be given to UTI patients: • Avoid using spermicide products and intrauterine devices (IUDs) • Patients are advised to urinate immediately after sexual intercourse • Do not hold in urinating • Clean the anus after defecating from front to back
Definition
Urinary tract infection is defined as the clinical presentation of microorganisms in the urine that exceed the normal threshold limit for these microorganisms, which have the potential to invade the tissues and structures of the urinary tract.
A person can be said to have a urinary tract infection in their urinary tract if the number of bacteria in their urine is more than 100,000/mL of urine. However, in some female patients, it can be said to be an infection even though the bacterial count is less than 100,000/mL urine7. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) or better known as urinary tract infection (UTI) is a problem that is often encountered in clinical practice.
Etiology
Most urinary tract infections are caused by microorganisms originating from the fecal flora of the lower intestine. Nearly 80% of infections that occur in patients who are not hospitalized and do not have obstruction are caused by Escherichia coli. Other Gram-negative bacteria such as Klabsiella pneumonia and Proteus mirabilis as well as Gram-positive bacterial coccus such as Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus epidermis are also potential uropathogens.
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of UTI is an ascending infection from bacteria originating from the colon, colonizing the perineum and entering the bladder through the urethra. Infection in the bladder will cause an inflammatory reaction, resulting in suprapubic pain. This infection of the bladder is called cystitis.
Pathogenesis of ascending UTI (Rusdidjas & Ramayati, 2004). There are several urinary tract defense mechanisms to prevent infection
Governance
The principles of lower UTI management include large fluid intake, adequate antibiotics, and if necessary asymptomatic therapy for urine alkalinization (1) Almost 80% of patients will respond after 48 hours to a single antibiotic such as ampicillin 3 grams, trimethoprim 200 mg. (2) If the infection persists with urination abnormalities (leukocytosis), conventional therapy is required for 5-10 days. (3) Urine microscopic examination and urine culture are not necessary if all symptoms disappear and there is no leukocytosis.
Risk Factors
Urinary tract obstruction Congenital anomalies Urinary tract stones Ureteral occlusion Renal cyst Renal abscess Renal tumor Vesicourethral reflux Patients with impaired renal function and structure Urine residue in the bladder Neurogenic bladder Structure of the urethra Disease with enlarged prostate
Women are more at risk of developing urinary tract infections than men because women have a shorter urethra than men. In women the length of the urethra is 1.5 inches and in men the length of the urethra is 8 inches
Classification
1) According to the location of infection, namely lower UTI. Examples: urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis. UTI on the example of pyelonephritis. 2) According to the symptoms, there are asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic bacteriuria. 3) Simple or uncomplicated infections, namely urinary tract infections in patients without anatomical abnormalities or structural abnormalities of the urinary tract
– Uncomplicated urinary tract infection (simple / uncomplicated urinary tract infection), namely if there are no complicating factors and there are no disturbances in the structure or function of the urinary tract.
– Complicated urinary tract infection (complicated urinary tract infection), namely if there are certain things that complicate a UTI and structural or functional abnormalities that change the flow of urine
Manifestasi Klinis
Lower urinary tract infection (cystitis): sepanjang uretra dan kandung kemih: (Elsevier) a. Disuria yaitu nyeri ketika buang air kecil. b. Kerap buang air kecil atau bangun pada malam hari untuk kencing dan jumlah urin biasanya sedikit. c. Urgency atau tidak bisa menahan urin dalam kandung kemih.Urin yang keruh, busuk atau disertai darah. d. Nyeri pada bagian abdomen bawah (suprapubik). e. Demam dan rasa tidak enak tubuh atau malaise.
Upper urinary tract infection (pyelonephritis): (Elsevier) a. Demam tinggi dan menggigil. b. Muntah dan mual. c. Nyeri pada bagian pinggang d. Hipotensi atau syok.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
