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Chapter 12 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - mRNA
      - tRNA
        
        Different tRNA molecules encoded by different genes
        
        Cloverleaf structure
        
        Anticodon
        
        Acceptor stem for amino acid binding
      - ribosomes
      - translation factors
  - - - have one kind of ribosome
    - - have distinct ribosomes
    - - P site – Peptidyl site
      - A site – Aminoacyl site
      - E site – Exit site
  - - - mRNA, the first tRNA and ribosomal subunits assemble
      - Requires help of ribosomal initiation factors
      - Also requires input of energy (GTP hydrolysis)
    - - Aminoacyl tRNA brings a new amino acid to the A site
      - Peptide bond is formed between the amino acid at the A site and the growing polypeptide chain
      - Movement or translocation of the ribosome toward the 3’ end of the mRNA by one codon
    - - When a stop codon is found in the A site, translation ends
      - 3 stop codons – UAA, UAG, UGA
      - Recognized by release factors
- - - - Promoter
      - Terminator
      - Transcribed region
      - Regulatory sequence
  - - - RNA polymerase II
      - RNA polymerase I and III
- - - - RNA processing