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biological differences and perception - Coggle Diagram
biological differences and perception
brain tour
functional specialisation
different parts of the brain do different things
parietal lobe-perception to action, attention, spatial processing
occipital lobe-visual perception,
temporal lobe-hearing, language, object recoognition, memory
frontal lobe-motor control, planning, changing task, working memory, motivation, personality
the brain is not like a computer!
it appears to have similarities e.g visual cortex-visual card, hard drive-hippocampus, CPU and RAM-pre frontal cortext, mouse-sensory cortext.
different ablities
hemispatial neglect
certain areas of audio/vision are ignored
not aware
primary sensory deficit
perception and illusions
phenomenal regression-concious awareness regresses back towards the phenomenon rather than back to the object
babies' vision=blurry, has not developed a fovea yet-cells in retina cram together to give new detail
illusions exploit the efficient shortcuts and the learning that your brain has done over it's lifetime and presents an extremely unlikely circumstance-brain interprets it as the more likely solution.
illusions are novel and surprising, that is why we interpret them the way we do, if we saw them everyday, we would see them the 'correct' way.
an interpretation of visual evidence.
colour vision- tones you have in the retina
colour is a perception
rods and cones-humans have 1 rod-not very interesting, good at recieving low level light, extremly low
colours=ratios of how active the different types of cones are
types of cones-long wavelight median wavelight short wavelight.
all an interpretation of what is going on in the scene
visual system has learnt that lighting is less important than objects
mathematically, light and objects combine
shadows-visual system disregards shadows, humans are bad at drawing shadows
raw signal on retina is a spectrum of light-some have short wavelengths, others have long wavelengths.
colourblindness-more common in men that in women as people with two x chromosomes have two chances of getting m and l cones, whereas people with one x chromosome only have one chance
sometimes people do not learn that they are colourblind until much later in llife because they dont know what other people think, do not know other people's concious experience of colour is.
quite a lot of facial signals are ambiguous but you do not notice that in real life as your brain is good at interpreting what they are.
moon illusion- looks big when it is setting- failure size constancy, other visual objects are near it.
face perception-based on learning-very hard as faces at first are very similar to on anther
when people are dreaming/imagining/hallucinating-they activate their visual cortext
cognition and chemicals
evolution of a cognitive brain
the process of evolution has to have involved incremental advantage at every stage
survival of the fittest-fit to the environment-most likely to survive if you have the variant of a gene that allows you to survive
won't be long until that gene is present in a lot of generations
if you are more likely to survive your babies are more likely to survive
neocortex (new cortex)
group size-strongly correlated to the amount of cortex, large groups-larger cortext
capabilities of reaching and grasping (primates are good at this)-evolution of hands that can grab things.
change is often not linear/spread out over time-some species e.g sharks work very well in their environment therefore they have no need to change/adapt.
colour vision-diet based. primates-fruit (advantage of finding fruit in foliage)-signal detection task with distractors, properties of leaves that determine colour vision
cortical expansion-sensory and motor areas are fairly conserved in humans and chimps, big expansion in frontal lobe, temporal lobe and parietal lobe.
this expansion is not without cost, but must be worth it, as there is a large risk in giving humans large heads-dying during childbirth, infant mortality
most parts of the brain supports memory in one form or another