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Nephrotic Syndrome - causes kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into…
Nephrotic Syndrome - causes kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine
Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis - inflammation inside of the kidneys of the glomerulus
Glomerulosclerosis - When the inside of the Kidney becomes scarred
kidney malfunction
Low protein levels in the blood
Loss of protein in the urine
Risk factors of Nephrotic syndrome
Diabetes
Families with a history of allergies
Result of cancer
Inherited faulty gene
High blood pressure
Age often presents in childhood
symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome
Infections - Antibodies are groups of proteins in the blood that helps fight infection when these are lost children are much more likely to get infection
Blood clots - proteins help blood clotting which can be passed out in the urine of childrens with Nephrotic syndrome which can increase their risk of blood clots
Swelling -The low level of protein in the blood reduces the flow of water from body tissues back into the blood vessels which leads to swelling
Urine changes - High levels of protein being passed into the urine can cause it to become frothy and sometimes less urine can be passed
Monitoring Nephrotic syndrome
Blood test
Negative - can be uncomfortable for the individual
Positives- Can show low levels of the Protein Albumin which can lead to a diagnosis
Urine sample
Negative- Can be Easily contaminated with bacteria
Positives- Can show low levels of the Protein Albumin which can lead to a diagnosis
Biopsy of kidneys.
Negatives - The child may have to be under general anesthetic , May have to obtain a needle may have a fear of needles and may be an uncomfortable procedure if they are not under general anesthetic
Positives- Can look for the extent of glomerular damage and causes of glomerular damage
Treatments for Nephrotic syndrome
ACE Inhibitors - Reduces high blood pressure caused by fluid imbalance
Immunosuppressant drugs - Reduce immune response
Diuretics (Tablets) - Reduce water retention due to leakage of fluid tissue into body tissues
Positive - Reduces fluid build up and has no serious side effects
Negative - increases the amount of urine which can lead to bed wetting in children
Kidney transplant- can help with all the symptoms
Negatives - major operation which involves risks and the individual will be left with scarring , requires compatible donor
Positives- Less protein loss from the blood
Steroids- Reduce immune response
Positive - Reduces swelling and prevents loss of protein
Negative - Can cause weight gain and mood changes
Antibiotics - Penicillin
Negatives- it is for short term use only and is only used to treat bacterial infection
Positive - Treats infection leading to quicker recovery from infections
Aspirin - Reduces risks of blood clots
Positives - Reduces blood clots and associated pain and risks
Negatives- Blood must be monitored and it can cause stomach problems
Dietary changes - Low salt diet can reduce swelling
Positives - Prevents water retention and swelling
Negatives - Difficult to control a Diet
Vaccinations - Reduce risk of getting infections
Positive - Reduces the risk of some infections
Negative - Doesn't prevent all infections and the individual may have a needle phobia
Dialysis - one or both kidneys may need to be surgically removed by nephrectomy dialysis is needed until a kidney transplant can be performed.
Positive - A dialysis machine is used to filter the blood.
Negative - Needed to be done at least 3 times a week in 4 hour intervals
Surgical Procedure
Kidney Biopsy - a very small sample of kidney tissue is removed using a needle so it can be studied under a microscope.
Positives - top proteins being lost in your child's urine and reduce their risk of potentially serious problems, such as blood clots
Negatives - the procedure is not suitable for all individuals and is a major operation, risk of rejection of the organ