Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 3: Nomenclature & Physical Properties of Organic Compounds -…
Chapter 3: Nomenclature & Physical Properties of Organic Compounds
IUPAC Nomenclature
1.1. General Rules
Main chain
Main chain prefix
Saturation indicator
Suffix
Functional group suffix
Prefix
Locant + Subtituent prefix
1.2. Main Chain
1.2.1. Main Chain Prefix
1.2.2. Saturation Indicator
If there are multiple double/triple bonds → Add numerical multiplier
Add numerical root before “-en” or “-yn”, which indicate the position of the carbon with the double/triple bond (lower number)
Double bond have higher priority than triple bond
Main chain: the longest carbon chain with maximum number of functional groups
If there are 2 chains with the same length, choose 1 based on the following criteria in order
Ring structure
Maximum number of double bonds and triple bonds
Maximum number of double bonds
Maximum number of substituents
Priority of functional group
1.3. Functional Group Priority, Prefix and Suffix
If there are multiple functional groups of the same class → Add numerical multiplier
1.4. Numbering the Main Chain
The functional group on the main chain with the highest priority must have the lowest locant
The sum of all locants is smallest
The substituent with higher alphabetical priority should be given the lower locant
List all substituent according to alphabetical order.
Add locant before the substituent prefix, separate by hyphen “-”
If there are multiple substituents of the same type → Add numerical multiplier and add comma “,” between the locants
Numerical multiplier does not count when considering the alphabetical order of substituent prefixes
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
2.1. Hydrocarbons
2.1.1. Alkyl Groups
Add “yl” at the end
n, sec, tert: does not count in alphabetical order, italic, with hyphen “-”.
iso, neo, cyclo: do count in alphabetical order, no hyphen
2.1.2. Acyclic Hydrocarbons
2.1.3. Cyclic Hydrocarbons
2.1.4. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2.2. Organic Compounds with Functional Groups
2.2.1. Halide
2.2.2. Alcohol
2.2.3. Ether
2.2.4. Alkoxy Groups
2.2.5. Amines
2.2.6. Aldehydes
2.2.7. Ketones
2.2.8. Carboxylic Acids
2.2.9. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
2.2.10. Nitriles
2.3. Cyclic Hydrocarbons
Physical Properties
3.1. Intermolecular Interaction
3.1.1 Dipole-dipole interaction between polar molecules
More polar molecules 🡪 Stronger interactions
3.1.3. Hydrogen Bonds between hydrogen donors and acceptors
Hydrogen bond donor (HBD) have labile hydrogen
Hydrogen bond accepter (HBA) electronegative atoms: F, O, N
3.1.2. Temporary Dipoles (van der Waals) mostly between non-polar molecules
Higher molecular weight 🡪 Stronger interactions
Larger surface area 🡪 Stronger interactions
3.2. Boiling Point
Temperature at which liquid turns into vapor/gas
Larger MW
→ Stronger van der Waals interaction
→ Higher boiling point
Stronger hydrogen bond → Higher boiling point
3.3. Melting Point
Stronger intramolecular interaction → Higher melting point
3.4. Solubility
Polar compounds are soluble in polar solvents
Non-polar compounds are insoluble in polar solvents
Non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents
more hydrogen bonds 🡪 increase solubility in water
