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Mass transit is important - Coggle Diagram
Mass transit is important
To provide mass transit at scale, it needs to be financially sustainable
Are mass transit systems in Pakistan financially sustainable?
CAPEX
Overall subsidy levels
Revenue
Fare Revenue
Ridership
Competition from other modes
Service standards
MMI
Network coverage + route planning
Fares
Fare structure
Subsidy structure
Affordability
Non-Fare Revenue
OPEX
Business models + risk allocation
Fleet capacity + utilization levels
Energy costs
Labor costs
Risk premiums
Institutional arrangements