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Introducing English Semantics, References: Kreidler, C. (2002)…
Introducing English
Semantics
1.3 Language and the individual
Syntax
The description o sometimes called parts of the speech.
Example
The cat chased the dog. (active)
The dog was chased by the cat.
Grammar
The implicit knowledge that a speaker has.
The explicit description and explanation of it by the linguist.
Phonology
How speech sounds are organized
Pat /p/ vs Bat /b/ changes the meaning
Morphology
Knowledge of word formation.
Dogs. "s" indicate plural.
Walked. "ed" indicate past tense.
1.4 Demostrating semantic language
Recognition of sense
Speakers differentiate between what is meaningful and what isn’t in their language.
Equivalence and paraphrase
Ability to identify when two sentences have equivalent meanings or are paraphrases.
Synonyms and Antonyms
Identification of words with similar or opposite meanings in a given context.
Contradiction
Recognition of contradictory meanings between sentences.
Antonymy
Ability to recognize opposing words in a specific context.
1.1.The study of meaning
We wonder about the
meaning of a new word
linguistic semantics is the study of how languages organize
express meanings
Semantics is the systematic study of meaning
Three disciplines are concerned
linguistics
understand how language works
psychology
how we know and how any particular fact
philosophy
how individual humans learn
1.2.The nature of language
All animals have some system for communicating
They can communicate with stimulus
No animal can tell about experiences
Humans alone are able to talk about many things
Human mind deals easily and
frequently with what does not exist
humans have a language to produce and understand ideas
Human mind deals easily and
frequently with what does not exist
Human language is stimulus-free
The productivity of language
every known language is complex
express and capable of changing
Human utterances
feature of arbitrariness
References: Kreidler, C. (2002)
Introducing English
Semantics
. Taylor &
Francis e-Library. (
https://repository.dinus.ac.id/docs/ajar/English_Semantics_Kreidler.pdf
)
