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CH21 Translation - Coggle Diagram

- - - - N-formyl-methionyl-tRNA is the aminoacyl-tRNA that initiates bacterial polypeptide translation
    - - the rRNA of the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit has a complementary sequence that base-pairs with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence
      - IF-2 binds the initiator fMet-tRNAf and allows it to enter the partial P site on the 30S subunit
    - - Eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunits bind to the 5' end of mRNA and scan the mRNA until they reach an initiation site
        
        Small subunit binds to methylated cap
        
        Small subunit migrates to initiation site
        
        If leader is long, subunits may form queue
      - a eukaryotic initiation site consists of a 10-nucleotide sequence that includes an AUG codon
      - Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) - A eukaryotic messenger RNA sequence that allows a ribosome to initiate polypeptide translation without migrating from the 5' end.
  - - - EF-Tu: a monomeric G protein whose active form (bound to GTP) binds to aminoacyl-tRNA
      - The EF-Tu-GTP-aminoacyl-tRNA complex binds to the ribosome's A site
  - - - The stop codons terminate translation
        
        UAA ochre
        
        UAG amber
        
        UGA opal
      - Termination codons are recognized by protein release factors (RFs), not by aminocayl-tRNAs